发现 20 种鸟类
Troglodytes grenadensis
Small brownish wren found only on Grenada. Plumage cinnamon-brown overall, with dark barring on the wings and tail. Lacks white eyebrow. Generally more arboreal than mainland “House Wrens”, occurring in dense brushy woodland throughout the island. Often perches conspicuously when singing, but otherwise fairly secretive. Listen for loud song of chatters and clearer trills, as well as harsh scolding calls.
Sterna hirundo
Medium-sized tern found on open ocean, beaches, and large lakes. Adults have pale gray body and black cap. Bill color differs by subspecies: most have red bill with black tip, but some Asian birds have all-black bills. First-years show dark outer primaries, dark shoulder, and black restricted to back of neck. Similar to Forster's, Arctic, and Roseate Terns. Separated from breeding Forster's Tern by entirely gray upperwings; nonbreeding Forster's shows black ear patch. Somewhat longer-billed and shorter-tailed than Arctic Tern, with paler body. Shorter-tailed and overall darker than gleaming white Roseate Tern. Often found in large flocks, especially in late summer. Gives a harsh screeching call "KEEE-yurrrr."
Anarhynchus frontalis
A small, pale plover endemic to New Zealand. Gray above, white below. Note distinctive black bill with tip curving to the right, unique to this species, used to forage under stones for invertebrates. Breeding birds have a clear black band across their chest, thinner in females and varying from absent to distinct in non-breeding or juvenile birds. Breeds only along the braided rivers of Canterbury and Otago. The majority of the population migrates north to winter in large flocks in the harbors and estuaries of the northern North Island, particularly the Firth of Thames and Manukau Harbour. Commonly heard giving a “chip” call.
Onychognathus morio
A large glossy-black starling with a graduated, pointed tail and brick-red windows in the wings that are striking in flight. The male and female have black and gray heads respectively. Pairs and flocks prefer rocky outcrops and gorges, but have adapted to buildings in urban areas; they avoid forests. The species gives a characteristic loud liquid oriole-like “wher-teooo” contact call and other musical whistles and warbles. It is often the default “red-winged” starling within its range, where it is most easily confused with Slender-billed Starling, but the latter’s weaker bill and longer graduated tail identify it.
Laniarius poensis
A dark boubou, almost wholly matte black except for its grayish eyes, found in the shadows of thickets and dense vegetation. Common at higher elevations in Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Nigeria. Noisy and usually found by its distinctive calls. Song is a series of whistles often ending in a harsh note: “go-WHEE-chk!”. Also makes a grating chatter, meowing “reawr” calls, and a quick, upslurred “kew-ick!” whistle, as well as other calls.
Orthotomus frontalis
A small, long-billed, long-tailed bird of dense tangled undergrowth in lowland forest. Has olive-green wings, back, and tail, a pale belly, a gray head and chest with streaks, a rufous forehead and mask, and orange legs. Similar in habits and shape to White-browed Tailorbird, but lacks the black head and white brow. Also similar to Phillipine Leaf-Warbler, but has a longer bill and usually cocks its tail. Song is an accelerating series of slightly rising notes ending in a staccato trill.
Trichoglossus haematodus
Very long-tailed lorikeet, mostly green but bright red chest and underwing is striking in flight. Dark hood with thick yellow border is striking. Generally in wooded lowlands but recorded to more than 2000m in some locations. Unique within its range. Similar Rainbow Lorikeet has a purple belly patch and more vibrant purple face, but the two do not overlap. Gives a series of chattering notes while perched, in flight sharp screeching squeals betray its presence.
Centropus burchellii
A large, robust, ungainly cuckoo with rufous wings and a long, broad tail. The underparts and back are streaked, and it has a distinctive white eyebrow. The rump and upper tail coverts are barred, unlike other coucals. It often moves clumsily, preferring to clamber about in rank vegetation or walk on the ground foraging for insects or small vertebrates. Its flight is labored and heavy. This species uses a wide variety of habitats with a thick understory, including savanna, woodland, forest edge, and wetlands. The song is a descending bubbling series, “bu-bu-bu bu bu bu bu”, that falls and then rises in pitch.
Metallura eupogon
Small hummingbird restricted to high-elevation elfin forest along the east slope of the Andes in central Peru. Male is mostly dark green with a slight golden-bronze tinge to his plumage and a glittering rosy throat patch. Female is duller than male with an indistinct throat patch, sometimes with only a few reddish speckles. Tail is bluish-green above and yellowish-green below, but often looks all dark in the field. Also note the short bill and the white spot behind the eye. No overlap with the similar Neblina Metaltail.
Thalassarche chrysostoma
Rarely found north of cold subantarctic waters; ranges south to pack-ice in summer. Adult has a gray head, thick black underwing margins like much commoner Black-browed Albatross. Immatures look similar to Black-browed overall, but told by black bill that soon develops yellow along top, and often with variable gray hood. Yellow bill edges narrower than the more lightly built Buller’s Albatross, which occurs to the north but is often mistaken for Gray-headed.
Pernis ptilorhynchus
A large raptor of lowland and montane broadleaf and mixed forests, this species is well-known for its tendency to congregate in large flocks of up to thousands during migration. Resident populations inhabit tropical forests from lowlands up into montane areas. While showing considerable plumage variation throughout its range, the combination of an unusually small and slender head, long striped tail, broad wings, and well-striped underwings make this species fairly recognizable across a wide area. True to its name, this species is a raider of wasp and bee nests, although it prefers bee and wasp larvae over their honey.
Corythopis torquatus
Small ground-dwelling flycatcher of lowland rainforest. Very unusual appearance for a flycatcher, looking more like a tiny thrush or an antbird as it struts around the ground with its body held upright. Likes to walk on logs and tree roots in mature rainforest, making short flights up to understory vegetation to catch insects. Dull brown above and white below with broad black breast streaks. Listen for its short song with a distinctive “up-down” pattern, a whistled “wheeu, pew.”
Turdus dissimilis
Handsome small thrush. Male has a black head, gray back, and orange belly. Female is brown above and orange below, with a heavily black-streaked throat and upper breast; yellow bill and heavier streaking separate her from female Gray-backed Thrush, which may overlap with Black-breasted in winter. Black-breasted breeds in mid- to high-elevation forests and descends into foothills and upper lowlands in the winter. Song is typical of a thrush: highly varied phrases of fluidly melodic notes.
Pomatorhinus horsfieldii
Striking tuxedoed babbler with a slightly downcurved banana-yellow bill and bright white eyebrows. A foothill and montane species of forest, forest edge, and dense scrubby growth. Clambers and bounces about along branches and in the undergrowth, typically in pairs or small flocks. Song variations include brief series of hooting calls, accelerating and jumbled in the second half. Calls include various rattles and hoots; often duets.
Sialia currucoides
Adult males are stunning: completely electric turquoise blue with limited white belly. Females are gray with blue wings and tail; some can show a rufous wash on breast. Also note thin bill and even longer wings compared with other bluebirds. Forages in open habitats with few trees. Can form large flocks in winter. Frequently perches on wires or fence posts. Nests in cavities.
Aplonis striata
Small, dark starling with a bright red eye, short tail, and thick bill. Male glossy black with a faintly striated pattern. Female gray overall, slightly paler on the underparts. Found throughout New Caledonia and on the Loyalty Islands, though more common in areas of higher quality habitat. Most common call a surprisingly high-pitched, clear downslurred whistle. Also gives a more rarely-heard quiet babbling song.
Cynanthus doubledayi
Brilliantly-colored hummingbird with dark tail and mostly red bill. Fairly common in thorn forest within its limited range. Endemic to Mexico, mainly along the Pacific coast from Guerrero to Oaxaca. Can appear all dark at a distance, but in the right light, male is mostly glistening cobalt blue. Females are less colorful than males, dusky grayish below with prominent pale stripe behind the eye. Similar to Dusky Hummingbird, which occurs on the other side of the Sierra Madre del Sur.
Rhipidura diluta
A small brown songbird with a long tail, often raised and fanned to reveal white outer tail feathers. Largely dull brown with a rufous flash in the wing, a white throat, and a dull buff underside. A montane species, found singly or in pairs, often within mixed-species flocks. Distinguished from Arafura Fantail by plain underside, lacking a black chest. Song recalls a toy trumpet, “cher-wer-where,” rising on the last note. Also gives agitated chattering notes, a wet “wit,” and a sharp “pip.”
Passer suahelicus
A drab sparrow of East Africa, gray with brown wings and a bright rufous rump and shoulder. Generally common within its range in savanna, in cultivated areas, and around human habitation. Very similar to Northern Gray-headed Sparrow, but separated by darker underparts, less contrasting pale throat, and grayer back. Also very similar to Parrot-billed Sparrow, but slightly smaller and slimmer-billed with paler underparts. The call is a husky “churp” and the song a series of similar notes.
Ficedula ruficauda
Medium-sized brown flycatcher with an orangish tail. Note upright posture and broad-based pale bill. Forages quietly and usually singly in the lower levels of forest edge, both through gleaning and flycatching. Breeds in open forests in hilly and montane areas at 1500-3000 meters of elevation; in the winter, favors forest edge and clearings. Song is a descending whistle followed by a brief sputter of shorter notes: “Weee-pewchewchi!”
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