Western Bonelli's Warbler
Phylloscopus bonelli
Small, sleek warbler; white belly contrasts with olive and green upperparts. Very difficult to separate from Eastern Bonelli’s of Eastern Europe. Best character is the call, a two-parted whistle "hu-eef" instead of the sharp “tzip” of Eastern Bonelli’s. Song, a short trilled phrase, is also quite similar to Eastern Bonelli’s. Compare with other leaf warblers; note present species’ plain face, olive-green wing panel (but no bright wing bars), and bright white underparts. Breeds in deciduous forests with oaks and beech, as well as in mixed forest with pines. Non-breeding habitat includes open scrub and open woodlands.
识别特征
Western Bonelli's warbler is a small passerine bird, found in forest and woodland. Four to six eggs are laid in a nest on the ground. The eggs are white with reddish-brown markings and are laid in clutches of 3-5 eggs. The incubation period is around 14 days long, and the chicks fledge after 10-14 days. Cuckoo nest predation and brood parasitism are major hazards to the breeding success of western Bonelli's warblers. Like most warblers, western Bonelli's warbler is insectivorous.<p>The adult has a plain grey-green back, green-toned rump and wings and whitish underparts. The bill is small and pointed and the legs brown. The sexes are identical, as with most warblers.<p>The western Bonelli's warbler has a browner tinge to the upperparts than the eastern Bonelli's warbler; the latter sometimes has a greenish tinge instead. The song is a fast monotone trill, only slightly different from eastern Bonelli's, and also with some similarity to the wood warbler. The call of the western Bonelli's warbler is a disyllabic hu-it, differing from that of the eastern Bonelli's warbler which is a hard chup, reminiscent of a crossbill or a house sparrow.
分类信息
- 学名
- Phylloscopus bonelli
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1819)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Phylloscopidae
- 属
- Phylloscopus
分布与栖息地
- 繁殖区
- PAL : Spain and Portugal to Austria, Slovenia and Italy
- 非繁殖区
- to wc Africa
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Eastern Spot-billed Duck
Anas zonorhyncha
Common large duck of lakes, ponds, wet fields, and estuaries. Dark brown overall, with a pale head marked by a whitish eyebrow and two black stripes on the face. Namesake yellow bill spot is visible even from a good distance. White underwings contrast strongly with dark body in flight. Highly adaptable and quite tame, foraging in city parks and small ponds close to human settlements.
Green-billed Coucal
Centropus chlororhynchos
A mid-sized coucal of lowland and mid-hill forest. Black plumage with purplish sheen, dark rufous wings, and pale, greenish bill. Found in the dense undergrowth of humid forest where it is very skulking and difficult to see. Heard more often than seen. Similar to Greater Coucal, but Green-billed Coucal is smaller in size with pale bill. Call a series of deep, double “boop-boop” notes, or a regular, upslurred “ker-chuip” or “chuip” rather like a stone dropping into water.
Golden-crowned Spadebill
Platyrinchus coronatus
Tiny bird of forest undergrowth, named for exceptionally broad bill (difficult to see). Very small and short-tailed. Brownish-olive above and pale yellowish below, with black pattern on cheek. Throat and breast uniformly buffy, without contrasting white throat. Crown dull rufous with hidden golden center. Sexes alike. Gives a very high insectlike trill. Usually seen singly or in pairs, always in the lower levels of the forest. Inconspicuous.
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