Montane Forest Screech-Owl
Megascops hoyi
Medium-sized owl of upland humid forest mixed with Podocarpus and alders on the east slope of the Andes from NW Argentina to central Bolivia. The only Screech-Owl through much of its range. At lower elevation sites may overlap with Tropical Screech-owl, from which it can be distinguished by its slower, longer song.
识别特征
The Yungas screech owl is 23 to 24 cm (9.1 to 9.4 in) long and weighs 110 to 145 g (3.9 to 5.1 oz). It occurs in brown, gray, and rufous morphs. It has a gray-brown facial disc, white brows over bright yellow eyes, and small "ear" tufts. Its upperparts are overall brown, gray-tinged in the gray morph and rusty in the rufous morph. The upperparts have dark vermiculation and streaks. The closed wing shows a row of large white spots. The tail has light brown stripes and vermiculation. Its underparts are light gray to gray-brown with an ochre wash; the breast and flanks have prominent black streaks.
分类信息
The Yungas screech owl is monotypic. It and the current black-capped screech owl and long-tufted screech owl have sometimes been considered conspecific under the name "long-tufted screech owl" but with the black-capped screech owl's binomial, Megascops atricapilla. However, vocal and DNA evidence refute that treatment. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) uses the name "Yungas screech owl" but notes that the English name is "unsettled". The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (AOS/SACC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World use the English name "montane forest screech-owl.
- 学名
- Megascops hoyi
- 命名信息
- (König, C & Straneck, 1989)
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Megascops
分布与栖息地
The Yungas screech owl is found from south-central Bolivia's Cochabamba Department south into northwestern Argentina as far as Tucumán Province and possibly further to Catamarca Province. It inhabits moist montane forest and cloud forest characterized by tall trees and epiphytes. In elevation it generally ranges from 1,000 to 2,600 m (3,300 to 8,500 ft) but locally is found as high as 2,800 m (9,200 ft). Though the species is mostly sedentary, birds nesting in the higher elevations are thought to move lower in winter.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The Yungas screech owl forages on and near the ground, along forest edges, and in the forest's upper canopy. Its diet is thought to be mostly insects and spiders but some small vertebrates are also taken.<p>The Yungas screech owl probably lays its eggs at the beginning of the rainy season, in September and October. It appears to nest mostly in tree cavities such as old woodpecker holes.<p>Pairs of Yungas screech owls duet, a primary song that "begins softly, gradually swells into [a] rapid staccato of 'u' notes , and tapers off at [the] end." The female's voice is higher pitched. A secondary song is similar but shorter.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Tepui Antpitta
Myrmothera simplex
Rotund, terrestrial bird of tepui highland forests. Rich brown above and pale gray-brown below, with a white spot behind the eye, long legs, and virtually no tail. Found at middle and high elevations; most common above 800 m. Always observed on or close to ground. Forages in leaf litter and among mossy rocks for insects. Does not usually follow mixed-species flocks. Far more often heard than seen, but seems much less shy than many other antpittas; may run along ground to within a few meters of observers in response to playback or imitation of song. Song is 6–12 hollow whistles, the series rising slightly in pitch, similar to song of Thrush-like Antpitta but higher-pitched and often longer in duration. Alarm call is a melodious, hollow chuckle, virtually identical to same call of Thrush-like Antpitta; the two species do not overlap in elevational range.
Puerto Rican Flycatcher
Myiarchus antillarum
An inconspicuous woodland species often first detected by voice. It has a slender build and is colored dull brown above and mostly grayish white below. The Caribbean Elaenia is vaguely similar but is smaller and has a distinct yellow wash below unlike the Puerto Rican Flycatcher. Vocalizations include a quick “tsee-ick” and a drawn out, plaintive “pheeeee.”
Ochraceous Piculet
Picumnus limae
Tiny woodpecker endemic to northeast Brazil. Gray above and whitish-buff below, with a black cap spotted white. Males have a red forehead. Found in deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, second growth, and nearby tall dry shrubs (caatinga). Call a high-pitched “sirr-sirr-sirr” and a descending trill “driée driée driée...”
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