Ochraceous Piculet
Picumnus limae
Tiny woodpecker endemic to northeast Brazil. Gray above and whitish-buff below, with a black cap spotted white. Males have a red forehead. Found in deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, second growth, and nearby tall dry shrubs (caatinga). Call a high-pitched “sirr-sirr-sirr” and a descending trill “driée driée driée...”
识别特征
The ochraceous piculet is about 10 cm (3.9 in) long and weighs 8 to 12 g (0.28 to 0.42 oz). Adult males have a black cap with red tips on the forehead feathers and small white spots on the rest of the cap. Adult females are identical but for no red on the forehead. The species' upperparts vary from grayish to brownish with a whitish nape. Their underparts vary from whitish yellow to rusty brown, sometimes with paler streaks. Both the upper- and underparts' colors form a cline, with the lightest members in the north and darkest in the south. Their tail is blackish; the innermost pair of feathers have mostly white inner webs and the outer two pairs have a white patch near the end. Their iris is brown, the bill gray with a blackish tip, and the legs gray. Juveniles are similar to adults other than having a brown crown with white streaks on the side.
分类信息
The ochraceous piculet is monotypic according to the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, the International Ornithological Committee, and the Clements taxonomy. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats the darker, southern, population as a separate species, the tawny piculet (P. fulvescens). The other three taxonomic systems had earlier separated them but have concluded that the color differences used for the differentiation are along a cline and that any division is arbitrary. The distribution along the color cline generally follows Gloger's rule.<p>This article follows the single-species model.
- 学名
- Picumnus limae
- 命名信息
- Snethlage, E, 1924
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Picumnus
分布与栖息地
The ochraceous piculet occurs in northeastern Brazilian from the state of Ceará south to Sergipe and inland into Piauí. It inhabits a variety of landscapes within the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest ecoregions, from rather dry open forests in the north to dense humid ones in the south. It occurs both in primary forest and in human-modified ones such as urban parks.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The ochraceous piculet is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Little detail is known about the foraging behavior and diet of the ochraceous piculet. It does feed on small branches; its diet is known to include insect larvae.<p>The ochraceous piculet's breeding season apparently spans from November to August. Both sexes excavate a nest hole, which can be in the trunk of a tree or sometimes a fence post, and typically between 1 and 4 m (3 and 13 ft) above the ground. The clutch size varies from one to four eggs and both sexes incubate them and provision the nestlings. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known.<p>The ochraceous piculet's vocalizations vary little if at all among populations. Its song is generally a "series of high-pitched, fast trills starting with longer, higher frequency phrases and ending with shorter, lower frequency phrases." That of the northern population has been described as "tee-tee-tee-titiwi" and that of the southern ("tawny") population as "see-see-see-sisi-wi". The species' calls are "unrhythmic, short, high-pitched sounds delivered in a variety of behavioral contexts".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-rumped Kingfisher
Caridonax fulgidus
A distinctive large forest kingfisher with entirely dark purplish upperparts, except for its white rump. Also shows clean white underparts and a vivid orange bill. Juveniles darker, less purple above, with yellowish bill, buff coloring on breast, and dark eyes. Occurs singly or in pairs inside lowland and foothill forest, including in degraded patches, within the upper levels of the understory. Conspicuous call is a “kow-kow-kow-kow…” given repeatedly, mostly early and late in the day.
Pale-eyed Thrush
Turdus leucops
This scarce thrush is found in forests of the subtropical zone from Venezuela to Bolivia, usually at elevations from 1,000–2,000 m. Males are dark black with a staring pale eye and orange bill and legs. Females are rich dark brown with a dark bill, no eyering, and some pale mottling on the belly. To separate from other similar thrushes, especially note the lack of an eyering on both sexes. Not frequently encountered. Males perch at the top of a tree when singing; listen for the squeaky and complex thrushlike song. Otherwise most likely to be seen at a fruiting tree within the forest.
Black-cowled Saltator
Saltator nigriceps
Handsome gray-and-black cloud forest bird with a stout orange bill. It has a very restricted range in the Andes of northwestern Peru and southwestern Ecuador. The all-black hood without any white markings separates it from Golden-billed Saltator. Usually seen high in the forest canopy, where it frequently gives loud, ringing calls that can be heard over large distances.
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