Cinnamon Attila
Attila cinnamomeus
Medium-sized sluggish flycatcher of riverine and disturbed habitats. Key marks are entirely cinnamon plumage and large-headed, plain-faced appearance; bill seems heavy and is entirely black. Sits still, peering about, before sallying to foliage for insects. Inhabits mid-story and understory, often at forest edge. Found in forest along rivers and oxbow lakes, in abandoned plantations, and at savanna edges, usually near water. Similar to Dull-capped Attila but has dark eyes and different voice. Most common calls are various mournful whistles.
识别特征
The cinnamon attila (Attila cinnamomeus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in every mainland South American country except Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
分类信息
The cinnamon attila was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the flycatchers in the genus Muscicapa and coined the binomial name Muscicapa cinnamomea. Gmelin based his description on the "cinnamon flycatcher" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham had access to a specimen from Cayenne in the Leverian Museum in London. The cinnamon attila is now one of seven flycatchers placed in the genus Attila that was introduced in 1831 by the French naturalist René Lesson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. A molecular genetic study published in 2020 found that the cinnamon attila is sister to the rufous-tailed attila (Attila phoenicurus).
- 学名
- Attila cinnamomeus
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Tyrannidae
- 属
- Attila
分布与栖息地
The cinnamon attila is found in one contiguous range centered on the Amazon Basin. In the southwest it is at the Basin's headwaters in Ecuador and Peru; in northwest Bolivia it is centered on headwater tributaries of the Amazon's Madeira River; in Bolivia's northeast it is only on the headwaters of the Guapore, (on the Brazil-Bolivia border), but not on downstream sections, that flow into the Madeira.<p>Northwest of the Amazon Basin the continuous range extends into central and northeastern Colombia. In southeastern Venezuela, the cinnamon attila range occurs on the upper Orinoco River drainage; it continues into eastern and northeastern Venezuela and the Guianas, avoiding only the central Orinoco. Its range stays contiguous along the Caribbean coast through the Guianas and only ends south and southeast of the Amazon River outlet with Marajo Island, and the outlet of the downstream Tocantins River, in the northeastern Brazilian state of Maranhão on the Atlantic coast.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Moluccan Megapode
Eulipoa wallacei
A partridge-like bird with an olive upper body, a mostly gray underside, and broad chestnut bands across the back and wings. Also note the white base to the undertail. Terrestrial, inhabiting forest in lowlands and hills, but most often seen by visiting specific beaches where they come to lay their eggs in the sand at night. The only patridge-like species in range with broad chestnut bands above. Vocalizations, mostly at night, include a moaning “kouw-kouw-kouw” and harsh, agitated “kek” calls.
Slate-throated Redstart
Myioborus miniatus
Active and attractive warbler of highlands and foothills. Sexes look alike: head and upperparts slaty gray with blacker face and small rusty cap. Belly is red in Mexico, orange-red in northern Central America, and yellow from Costa Rica to South America. White-tipped tail is usually fanned and flapped side-to-side. Favors evergreen and pine-oak forest and edge, and cloud forest in the Andes. Usually in pairs, foraging mainly at low to middle levels, at times even on the ground. Frequently joins mixed-species feeding flocks.
Black-crowned Night Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax
Stocky heron with neck usually tucked in. Adults overall pale grayish with black cap and back. Red eyes. Juveniles noticeably different, brown and streaky with yellow eyes. Often crouched under overhanging branches during the day. Feeds nocturnally for fish, frogs and other prey. Where it overlaps with Yellow-crowned Night-Heron, note large teardrop-shaped white spots on wing coverts which Yellow-crowned lacks.
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