Greater Pewee
Contopus pertinax
Large, drab flycatcher with spiky crest. Few defining plumage marks; overall brownish-gray with slightly paler belly and faint wingbars. Bill is long with orange lower mandible. Similar to Olive-sided Flycatcher but drabber without contrasting vest. Separated from wood-pewees by crest and longer bill. Native to Mexico and northern Central America; found in mountainous forests, usually with conifers. Limited range in U.S. Often perches conspicuously and sings its clear whistled “Jose Maria” song.
识别特征
This species is slightly longer than the olive-sided flycatcher. The adult greater pewee is the largest breeding Contopus flycatcher to breed in the U.S. It is a dull gray-brown bird all over with some birds that have a buff wash on the breast. They have indistinct wingbars and a very distinct crest. The lower mandible is bright orange and that is an easy way to distinguish them from olive-sided flycatchers in eastern Arizona and west central New Mexico. They are 8 inches (20 cm) long, have a 13 inches (33 cm) wingspan and weigh 1 oz (28 g).
分类信息
- 学名
- Contopus pertinax
- 命名信息
- Cabanis & Heine, 1860
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Tyrannidae
- 属
- Contopus
分布与栖息地
The greater pewee prefers montane pine forests with an oak understory. Also found in montane deciduous especially Arizona sycamore forests and mixed montane oak-pine forest. They are found more easily in elevations over 6,500 feet in Arizona and New Mexico. They are rare in western Texas. The greater pewee is found year-round in central and southern Mexico south through Costa Rica and Nicaragua. It breeds from central Mexico north to southeast and central Arizona and southwest New Mexico. Rarely does it reach southern California, southern Nevada or western Texas.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
These birds love to stay high in trees scanning for insects. They sally and hawk insects from their high perches. The greater pewee defends its nesting grounds aggressively. They will attack hawks, jays and squirrels. Their diet consists of insects and maybe berries in cooler months. Their song is a whistled five syllables: deelip deeree! ah or famously known as jose maria. The opening deelip is repeated several times before the rest of the song. It also gives pip calls like the olive-sided flycatcher.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Micronesian Imperial-Pigeon
Ducula oceanica
A large pigeon with a mostly gray body, green wings, and a distinctive and diagnostic black fleshy knob above the bill. Found across most habitats, but most common in undisturbed forest. Voice is a series of raspy growling notes becoming gradually shorter, “grroww… grroww grow grow-gr-gr.”
Upcher's Warbler
Hippolais languida
A medium-sized, gray-brown warbler that looks very similar to other species. Note the rather stout bill and broad dark tail. Smaller and browner than Olive-tree Warbler and larger than Eastern Olivaceous Warbler. Wing panel is not as prominent as that of Olive-tree Warbler. Breeds on scrubby hillsides and river valleys; occasionally in flatter lowlands. During non-breeding season, found in a variety of wooded or brushy habitats. Sings from prominent perches—a repetitive, rapid mix of musical and scratchy phrases. Call is a harsh "chak."
Red-faced Warbler
Cardellina rubrifrons
Stunning warbler found in mountains and canyons with a mix of pine and oak. Gray overall with a striking red-and-black face. Rather long tail is actively flipped around, seemingly loosely attached to the body. Male and female are similar, but young birds show a duller orange-red face. Primarily a Mexican species, with breeding range barely extending into the southwest U.S. Winters as far south as Honduras.
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