Imperial Cormorant (Macquarie)
Leucocarbo atriceps purpurascens
A black-and-white shag with a bright white throat and underside and a mostly black upperside. Note the bright blue eye-ring and large yellow warty patch of skin in front of the eyes. Breeding adult has a wispy crest. Marine, nesting coastally. No other similar birds occur within its limited range. Calls include growls, barks, and hisses.
识别特征
The Macquarie shag has largely black upperparts and white underparts. The upper cheeks and ear-coverts are black; there are white bars on the wings, a black, recurved crest over the forehead, and pink feet. A breeding adult has a pair of orange caruncles above the base of the bill in front of the eyes, orange-brown facial skin at the base of the lower mandible, as well as blue eye-rings. It is about 75 cm in length, with a wingspan of 110 cm and a weight of 2.5–3.5 kg.
分类信息
The Macquarie shag is one of the blue-eyed shags, sometimes placed in the genera Leucocarbo or Notocarbo. Others place it in the genus Phalacrocorax. It is now usually considered to be a full species.
- 学名
- Leucocarbo atriceps purpurascens
- 命名信息
- (Brandt, JF, 1837)
- 目
- Suliformes
- 科
- Phalacrocoracidae
- 属
- Leucocarbo
分布与栖息地
The Macquarie shag is restricted to subantarctic Macquarie Island and the nearby Bishop and Clerk Islets, part of the Macquarie group, 33 km to the south. Apart from breeding and roosting, its habitat is marine.
行为
Macquarie shags are gregarious, roosting in groups of from a few birds up to several hundred.<p>The birds are present all year round at Macquarie Island, where they breed annually in small to large colonies on bare rocky shores and stacks. Nest-building takes place from June. Nests are truncated cones, 20–30 cm in height, built of vegetation, guano and mud. The clutch of two or three eggs is laid between mid-September and January, mainly in late September and early November, with most eggs hatching by late December. Most chicks are independent of their parents by mid-February.<p>The birds forage locally in shallow coastal waters, with the diet consisting primarily of benthic fish. Flocks may feed together.
保护状况
The Macquarie shag population was estimated in 2000 to comprise about 760 breeding pairs, including 100 pairs at the Bishop and Clerk Islets. A later (October 2003) survey found 472 nesting pairs in eleven colonies on Macquarie Island itself, indicating a 30% decline.<p>The taxon is listed as Vulnerable under Australia's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, because the population is small, localised and subject to fluctuations in breeding success due to weather conditions and food availability. Other threats include predation of nestlings by Subantarctic skuas and black rats.
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其他鸟类
Madagascar Wagtail
Motacilla flaviventris
Elegant, long-tailed bird with a gray back, pale underparts, and a black chest band. White wing patch and outer tail are conspicuous in flight. Madagascar endemic that is found in most open habitats, especially those near water. Absent or scarce in some dry areas of the west and north. Feeds by walking along the ground, bobbing its tail constantly. Call is a tearing “tseeeiow”.
Western Quail-thrush
Cinclosoma marginatum
Heavily patterned terrestrial bird of Western Australia. Both sexes have pale eyebrow, gray-brown back, speckled undertail, and black-and-white markings on wing. Female has buff chin, white belly, and pale gray chest, male a white moustache, black throat patch, rich red-brown chest fading into the flanks, and white-edged black belt above a white belly. Usually seen walking around in stony rises with very open woodland and shrubland. Note that Cinnamon Quail-thrush has a paler eyebrow and male’s chest has white center. Calls include a long high pitched whistled "seeeep."
Line-fronted Canastero
Asthenes urubambensis
Small wren-like bird with a long, pointed tail. Warm reddish brown with extensive white streaking on the undersides and face; also look for its thin white eyebrow and small reddish-orange throat patch. Forages singly or in pairs on the ground and in shrubs in low forest near the treeline; particularly likes Polylepis forests. Compared to similar streaked canasteros, which are mostly found in more open, grassy habitats without trees, look for its white eyebrow and unmarked back and wings.
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