Coraya Wren
Pheugopedius coraya
Handsome songster of tangles and thickets in lowland and foothill rainforest. It ranges widely in northern South America but is not found west of the Andes. Plumage varies geographically but always has black face, white throat, white eyebrow, and barred tail. In parts of its large range, it may also have white streaks on the face, a white belly, and/or a darker head. Pairs skulk in dense vegetation and are heard more often than seen. Song is a complicated series of hollow whistles, often given as a duet.
识别特征
It is a medium-sized wren, rufous-(chestnut)-brown overall with a medium length black-and-white banded tail. It has a buff white breast, white throat and an overall black head, flecked with white feathers; notably a narrow upper bright white eye stripe, and a narrow white eye ring of white feathers. It has a medium length black decurved bill, black eyes, and gray-black legs. It is darker brown on its back, deep brown-blackish wings, and lighter buff brown on its sides.
分类信息
The coraya wren was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus Turdus and coined the binomial name Turdus coraya. Gmelin based his description on "Le Coraya" from Cayenne in French Guiana that had been described in 1778 by the French polymath the Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux. A hand-coloured engraving by François-Nicolas Martinet was published to accompany Buffon's text. The word "coraya" as the specific epithet and in the common name is a homophone for the French queue rayée meaning "barred tail". The coraya wren is now one of twelve placed in the genus Pheugopedius that was introduced in 1851 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis.<p>Ten subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Pheugopedius coraya
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Pheugopedius
分布与栖息地
It is found in Amazonian northern and northwestern South America, the northern Amazon Basin and the Guianas, of Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and Amazonian southeast Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and north and central Peru; also the southeastern Orinoco River Basin of Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest.<p>Besides the northern Amazon Basin and the Guianas including the Guiana Highlands, the contiguous range in the southeastern Amazon Basin extends to Maranhão state Brazil, and covers the downstream third of the three north-flowing river systems: the Tapajós River, Xingu River, and the Araguaia-Tocantins River system; in the Andean west, in central Peru, the range extends southward, upstream 1300 km into the Ucayali River drainage region of central Peru.<p>The two non-Amazon Basin areas are the Caribbean Orinoco River of Venezuela, (in the southeast), and the north-flowing Atlantic areas of the Guianas. The coraya wren can be found on Ilha de Marajo at the Amazon River's outlet.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Pied Honeyeater
Certhionyx variegatus
Medium-sized honeyeater with long decurved bill, nomadic across arid and semi-arid inland Australia. Male black with white belly, wing patches, and tail panels; distinctive patch of blue skin beneath eye. Female and juvenile plain brown, with subtly patterned wings and faint speckles on chest. This species wanders in search of flowering shrubs and can be absent one year, common in large flocks the next. Much larger than Black Honeyeater (which has completely black upperparts). Calls include a slowly whistled phrase of several notes.
Rough-legged Tyrannulet
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Small flycatcher found in forest canopy. Confusingly similar to other tyrannulets, but note especially its stubby (not pointy) bill with a very pale base, which can be quite evident since you are often looking straight up at the bird. Voice is another good clue; it often gives sharp whistles, either alone or in a series. It also tends to be more sluggish, perches more vertically, and stays higher up in the trees than other similar tyrannulets. It has two separate populations, one in the Atlantic Forest region, and another along the east slope of the Andes in Argentina, Bolivia, and perhaps far southern Peru. Northward it is replaced by White-fronted Tyrannulet, which is now considered a separate species. The area of overlap is not well known. Rough-legged Tyrannulet is more uniformly colored, showing little or no gray in the crown.
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