Rusty-belted Tapaculo
Liosceles thoracicus
Unusual long-tailed bird of rainforest understory. Gray above, white below, with a diffuse red-brown breast band and variable black barring. Walks and hops methodically on the ground or in low understory of mature rainforest. Heard more often than seen; listen for a loud, descending series of even paced toots, recalling a tinamou.
识别特征
The rusty-belted tapaculo is 19.5 cm (7.7 in) long and weighs 39 to 42 g (1.4 to 1.5 oz). Its plumage is unlike that of any other tapaculo. The nominate subspecies has a grayish brown head with a white supercilium and a reddish brown back, wings, and rump. The throat is white with black streaks at the side, most of the breast is white, and the flanks and vent are barred with black, brown, and white. The upper breast has a yellow to orange brown band the gives the species its common name. Subspecies L. t. erithacus is browner on the head and the breast band is larger and darker. Subspecies L. t. dugandi is also similar to the nominate, but the breast band is rufous and extends into the neck and throat.<p>The rusty-belted tapaculo vocalizes from the ground or low branches. Its song is an "easily imitated whistled note...repeated at intervals...[ending in a] descending series" [1]. Its call is described as a repeated cree or "cree-cree".
分类信息
The rusty-belted tapaculo is the only species in its genus; the genus and species were first described by Philip Lutley Sclater in 1865. Three subspecies are recognized: the nominate Liosceles thoracicus thoracicus, L. t. dugandi, and L. t. erithacus.<p>The rusty-belted tapaculo is genetically most closely related to the spotted bamboowren (Psilorhamphus guttatus).
- 学名
- Liosceles thoracicus
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL, 1865)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Liosceles
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the rusty-belted tapaculo is found in west and central Amazonian Brazil, and is believed to be the race found in southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia. Subspecies L. t. dugandi inhabits southeastern Colombia and adjacent western Brazil. Subspecies L. t. erithacus is found in eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru.<p>The rusty-belted tapaculo is the only member of its family to inhabit the Amazonian rainforest. It is primarily found in humid terra firme forest, whose ground is dry year-round, but also inhabits várzea, which is seasonally flooded. It ranges generally up to 600 m (2,000 ft) elevation, in some places to 900 m (3,000 ft), and in Peru up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The rusty-belted tapaculo's primary prey is terrestrial true bugs, Hemiptera. It forages by walking and hopping on the forest floor, picking the bugs from atop the litter, and also feeds along fallen tree trunks.<p>Very little is known about the rusty-belted tapaculo's breeding phenology. Only one nest has been found; it was spherical, made of twigs, grass, and other materials, and on the ground among the roots of a small tree.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow-throated Bulbul
Pycnonotus xantholaemus
Plain, pale brownish bulbul. Endemic to very specialized habitat in South India. Only found in hills with dry rocky scrub and boulders, co-occurring locally with the more widespread White-browed Bulbul throughout its range. Although both species have a yellow vent and can sound similar, Yellow-throated can be distinguished by its yellow head that contrasts with its whitish underparts. Usually occurring in pairs, it tends to rove along regular circuits, often perching on exposed rocks and boulders. Voice like White-browed’s, but more melodious and higher in pitch.
Guianan Tyrannulet
Zimmerius acer
Tiny, inconspicuous flycatcher; in addition to small size, note stubby bill, wing bars, and longish tail. Found in a variety of forest habitats including primary and secondary rainforest, low-stature forests with sandy soils, and along river edges. Often sits on leaf clusters at the ends of branches, sallying for insects; also feeds on fruit. Heard far more than seen. Most common call is a dry, two-noted hiccup that is easily overlooked; dawn song is a repeated, rising twitter.
Unspotted Saw-whet Owl
Aegolius ridgwayi
Rare, small, and compact cute owl of humid pine-oak and evergreen forest in the highlands of Chiapas and Central America. Strictly nocturnal and usually difficult to see. Most often detected by tooting song, which is prolonged, but its song has a variably hesitant cadence. Unmistakable in range, if seen well: note the big head with white eyebrows, golden eyes, and plain buffy underparts.
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