Yellow-throated Bulbul
Pycnonotus xantholaemus
Plain, pale brownish bulbul. Endemic to very specialized habitat in South India. Only found in hills with dry rocky scrub and boulders, co-occurring locally with the more widespread White-browed Bulbul throughout its range. Although both species have a yellow vent and can sound similar, Yellow-throated can be distinguished by its yellow head that contrasts with its whitish underparts. Usually occurring in pairs, it tends to rove along regular circuits, often perching on exposed rocks and boulders. Voice like White-browed’s, but more melodious and higher in pitch.
识别特征
This uncrested species of bulbul is olive grey above with a yellow throat, undertail coverts and tail tips. The head is plain while the breast and belly have a grey wash. The closest resembling species is the white-browed bulbul but this has a supercilium and lacks the yellow throat. Males and females are similar in plumage.
分类信息
The yellow-throated bulbul was originally described by Thomas Jerdon in the genus Brachypus (a synonym for Pycnonotus), and later re-classified it in the genus Ixos. It has since been re-classified to the genus Pycnonotus. The alternate name yellow-eared bulbul should not be confused with the species of that name, Pycnonotus penicillatus. The name 'yellow-throated bulbul' is also used as an alternate name for Falkenstein's greenbul.
- 学名
- Pycnonotus xantholaemus
- 命名信息
- (Jerdon, 1845)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Pycnonotidae
- 属
- Pycnonotus
分布与栖息地
The habitat of the species is rocky, scrub-covered hills mostly in the Eastern Ghats and central peninsular India but also in some places in the Western Ghats. The distribution is highly fragmented and populations are very local, making hilly habitats a very special conservation concern. Many of these hill forests are threatened by granite quarrying, forest fires and grazing. It has vanished from many sites where it was earlier known.<p>Some well-known locations include the Nandi Hills, Horsley Hills, Gingee, Yercaud and the Biligirirangans. The species is also seen in some parts of the Western Ghats including the Anamalais. The northern limit is believed to be in the Nallamala range, but it is suspected that the species may extend in range into the northern Eastern Ghats of Orissa.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
This bird is usually shy and hidden within scrub and is usually detected by its sudden cackling outbursts of calls, which are similar to those of the white-browed bulbul. They feed on insects and the berries of various scrub plant species including Lantana camara, Flueggea leucopyrus, Toddalia asiatica, Erythroxylon monogynum, Solanum indicum, Santalum album, Ziziphus, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus nervosa, Ficus montana, Canthium dicoccum and Phyllanthus reticulata.<p>During hot afternoons and in the dry-season they visit pools of water both to drink and bathe.<p>The breeding season is June to August. The nest is built in the fork of a small tree. Two eggs are laid which hatch in 20 days with the chicks fledging 13 days later.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Anisognathus melanogenys
Large, colorful tanager found only in the Santa Marta Mountains of Colombia. Note the black mask, yellow dot behind eye, and azure crown; plumage is otherwise blue and yellow. Usually seen in the canopy of cloud forest, often in pairs, and regularly joins mixed species flocks. It is rather quiet for a mountain-tanager, and typically just gives soft chip notes. Quite common in the upper parts of El Dorado Nature Reserve.
Arabian Sunbird
Cinnyris hellmayri
A medium-sized, long-billed sunbird in which males and females are very different. Males have a green head, a purple forehead, a red-and-yellow band across the chest, and a black belly. Females are plain, with olive-gray on the back and pale gray below. Found in dry thorn savanna, woodland, and gardens. Range does not overlap with any other species in which the males have a red belly band. Females can be identified by their darker underparts than other female sunbirds in the Arabian Peninsula. Vocalizations include chatters, trills, and a single “veet” note.
Yellow-throated Flycatcher
Conopias parvus
Medium-sized, active flycatcher of forest canopy; often observed on the periphery of mixed-species flocks. When seen well, note entirely yellow underparts, including throat. Found in a variety of lowland forest types, including tall rainforest and low-stature forests on sandy soils. Forages actively, almost always in small groups; often sits on top of large leaf clusters on outer branches. Similar to several other kiskadee-like flycatchers, but behavior and voice are quite different. Quite vocal; often-heard call is a distinctive hollow rattle with a purring quality.
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