White-chinned Thistletail
Asthenes fuliginosa
A small bird that is warm brown above and gray below. Completely unstreaked unlike a canastero. Also note indistinct whitish eyering and short gray eyebrow. Namesake “thistle” tail refers to the long, thin, and pointed tail feathers. Occurs in the Andes from Colombia to central Peru from around 2,800 to 3,500 m. Look for singles or pairs skulking in shrubby areas or stunted woodlands near treeline, not often coming out in the open. Compare with Mouse-colored Thistletail, which is duller brown above and shows a less distinct eyebrow.
识别特征
The white-chinned thistletail is 18 to 20 cm (7.1 to 7.9 in) long and weighs 14 to 20 g (0.49 to 0.71 oz). It is the largest thistletail. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies A. f. fuliginosa have a faint grayish-tawny supercilium and a whitish eyering on an otherwise blackish to dark brown face. Their crown, back, rump, and tail are dark reddish brown. Their wings are a brighter reddish brown. Their tail is long and deeply forked with few barbs at the feather ends that give a ragged appearance. Their chin is whitish. Their throat and the rest of their underparts are grayish with a brownish tinge on the flanks. Their iris color is highly variable, their maxilla black to dark gray, their mandible dark with a pinkish to whitish base, and their legs and feet blue-gray to gray.<p>The other subspecies of the white-chinned thistletail differ mostly in the color of their upperparts. Subspecies A. f. fumigata has a darker back than the nominate and browner underparts. A. f. peruviana has duller upperparts than the nominate, with a darker chin, little or no eyering, and a gray or blue-gray mandible. A. f. plengei has redder upperparts and tail than the nominate, with a longer and whiter supercilium and a dark gray lower throat with whitish streaks.
分类信息
The white-chinned thistletail has four subspecies:<p>What are now several other individual species of thistletail were previously also treated as subspecies of the white-chinned thistletail. All of them were in genus Schizoeaca but genetic data showed that the genus is embedded within Asthenes. In addition, the mouse-colored thistletail (A. griseomurina) possibly should be treated as a fifth subspecies of the white-chinned.
- 学名
- Asthenes fuliginosa
- 命名信息
- (Lafresnaye, 1843)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Asthenes
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the white-chinned thistletail are found thus:<p>The white-chinned thistletail inhabits páramo grasslands and elfin forest, the upper edge of cloudforest, and dense undergrowth at tree line. Locally it also occurs in Polylepis woodland. In elevation it generally ranges between 2,800 and 4,000 m (9,200 and 13,100 ft). In Ecuador it occurs below 3,500 m (11,500 ft); in Colombia it occurs as low as 2,400 m (7,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-chinned thistletail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-chinned thistletail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes small seeds in its diet. It usually forages singly on in pairs and only rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It feeds in the understory, gleaning prey from foliage and small branches, and sometimes makes acrobatic moves.<p>One of the white-chinned thistletail's songs is "a high-pitched, weak, slightly accelerating and ascending trill". Others are a "descending series of somewhat higher-pitched notes that accelerates into trill, and a slightly ascending series of tripled notes, 'tididit, tididit, tididit' ". Its calls include "a high-pitched, sharp, penetrating 'pyeek' or 'kick' " and "chink".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Dark-throated Oriole
Oriolus xanthonotus
A streak-breasted oriole with a rather long, lipstick-pink bill. Male is yellow with a glossy black hood and dark wings. Female is olive-green above. Both sexes have dark red eyes. On Borneo absent from the northern parts of the island, where replaced by the very similar Ventriloquial Oriole. Inhabits lowland and hill forests and forest edges, typically moving in the upper levels of the forest. Sometimes found singly, sometimes in pairs or mixed flocks. Song is short but fluidly melodic, often with the last note stretched out. Gives a harsh, jay-like “chew!”.
White-browed Fantail
Rhipidura aureola
Fantail with a broad white eyebrow, dark upperparts, and white underparts. Crown and ear-coverts black, contrasting with white eyebrows. Throat mottled black-and-white. Pair of wingbars formed by well-separated white teardrop-shaped spots. Female slightly paler with a browner head. Immature like adult, but has rufous tips to dark feathers of upperparts. Frequent song is a 4- to 7-note melodious whistling phrase that ascends and then sometimes descends or is left incomplete. Contact call is a harsh “switch-wich.” Inhabits dry, open wooded habitats, ranging from dry deciduous forest to scrubby agricultural edges.
Rufous-banded Honeyeater
Conopophila albogularis
Small honeyeater with white throat and orange-red breast band. Face is gray, back is brown, and belly is white. Feeds on insects and nectar in woodlands, often near water. Also found in mangroves. Juveniles lack the rusty breast band and also have pink on the bill. Found at lower altitudes in northern Australia and New Guinea. This species is abundant in parks and gardens in Darwin.
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