Song Wren
Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Chunky short-tailed wren with long bill. Pale blue skin around eye is distinctive among wrens in range but compare with various antbirds. Note rufous throat and cheek and black barring on wings. Usually found in pairs or small groups. Always close to the ground in forested areas. Heard more often than seen; listen for unique combination of deep whistles and harsher clucking notes.
识别特征
The song wren is 11.5 to 12.5 cm (4.5 to 4.9 in) long and weighs 25 to 26 g (0.88 to 0.92 oz). Its body is nearly uniformly brown, though sometimes paler on the breast. It has a chestnut throat and black bars on the wings and its very short tail. It has a patch of bare blue skin around the eye. The subspecies have some variations in color and intensity, and extensive descriptive details can be found in Pollock and Agin (2020).
分类信息
At one time the song wren and the musician wren (Cyphorhinus arada) were considered conspecific. They, and possibly chestnut-breasted wren (C. thoracicus), form a superspecies. <p>The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International (BLI) recognize the six subspecies listed below. The Clements taxonomy does not recognize C. p. chocoanus.
- 学名
- Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1860
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Cyphorhinus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of song wren are distributed thus:<p>The song wren inhabits the interiors of lowland primary and secondary forest, especially those with much undergrowth. It shuns dry landscapes and well lighted areas.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The song wren forages almost exclusively on the forest floor, tossing and probing leaf litter. It is usually seen in pairs or small family groups. In the only detailed study of its diet, almost half of the prey was spiders with other small invertebrates making up most of the rest.<p>The song wren constructs both dormitory nests for roosting and breeding nests. Both are gourd-shaped and constructed mostly of rootlets, strips of palm frond, and small twigs lined with leaf skeletons. Breeding nests have a well-defined cup that is sometimes lined with small feathers. Nests are constructed and maintained almost year-round. Breeding nests are placed in understory trees, often Acacia trees that also host Pseudomyrmex ants. The female alone incubates the eggs and broods the young.<p>The song wren's song has been described as "clear, melodious whistles superimposed on harsh, henlike clucking". Both sexes sing year round to defend a territory. Variations in song between the sexes and in different parts of the range have been noted but not systematically studied.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Crested Tit
Lophophanes cristatus
A charming inhabitant of coniferous and mixed woodland, forests, and pine plantations. The only small songbird in northern Europe with a distinct crest; also note the distinctive head pattern, a mostly pale face with a blackish frame to the cheeks. Often joins mixed-species flocks in autumn and winter, feeding mainly at middle levels, even on the ground. Gives a bubbling trill, typically preceded by a high-pitched intro note or two.
Blackish Oystercatcher
Haematopus ater
Distinctive large chunky shorebird of rocky coasts, adjacent sandy beaches and river mouths. The only all-dark oystercatcher in South America, readily identified by wholly dark plumage, long orange-red bill, thick pinkish legs. Found as singles and pairs, less often small flocks (mainly when roosting), and associates readily with Magellanic and especially American Oystercatchers. Loud piping whistles sound similar to American Oystercatcher.
New Zealand Storm-Petrel
Fregetta maoriana
Small seabird endemic to New Zealand. Dark blackish-brown head, breast, upperparts, and tail. Rump and belly white with variable dark streaking running down from breast. Underwings have pale panel with broad dark edge. Note especially long legs, with feet trailing well behind the square tail. Thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 2003 on Little Barrier Island, which remains the only known breeding location. At sea, recorded mostly around New Zealand’s northern waters. Four similar species: Wilson’s Storm-Petrel has dark underparts and underwing; Black-bellied Storm-Petrel is larger, with shorter legs that still extend past tail and with a white belly that has a black line down the middle; White-bellied Storm-Petrel is larger, with feet that do not extend past tail; Gray-backed Storm-Petrel does not have a white rump.
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