Spot-tailed Nightjar
Antiurus maculicaudus
Small nightjar of savanna and grassland with scattered bushes and palmettos. Spends the day roosting cryptically on the ground, but at night may be found beside quiet roads and tracks. Like all nightjars, eyes reflect amber-red in lights. Plumage similar to other nightjars, but note the pale buffy eyebrow, buffy V-shaped stripe on the back, and bold wing spotting. Male has small white tail tip, lacking in female. White spots on male’s tail usually only visible in the hand. Song is high and insectlike, unlikely to draw attention.
识别特征
The spot-tailed nightjar is 20.3 to 21.5 cm (8.0 to 8.5 in) long. Males weigh 28.3 to 35.2 g (1.0 to 1.2 oz) and females 26.0 to 39.0 g (0.92 to 1.4 oz). Their upperparts are brown, darker on the crown and paler on the rump, and spotted and barred with buff or tawny. The face is tawny or rufous with dark brown speckles, and a broad buff supercilium. The hindneck has a broad cinnamon band. The wings are mostly brown with tawny spots. The four outer tail feathers on each side are dark brown with tawny markings, two or three large white spots, and (on only the male) white tips that have a buff wash. The inner tail feathers are slightly longer than the outer ones and colored grayish brown with brown speckles and bars. The chin, throat, and breast are cinnamon to buff and the belly and flanks buff.
分类信息
The spot-tailed nightjar was described as Stenopsis maculicaudus and later moved into genus Caprimulgus with many other members of nightjar family. (A few authors placed it in genus Antiurus between those times.) DNA evidence now places it firmly in genus Hydropsalis. It is monotypic.
- 学名
- Antiurus maculicaudus
- 命名信息
- (Lawrence, 1862)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Not Found
- 属
- Antiurus
分布与栖息地
The spot-tailed nightjar's distribution is highly discontinuous. One population is found in southern Mexico. Another is on the Caribbean slope in eastern Honduras and northern Nicaragua. In South America, one population is centered in eastern Colombia and extends into western Venezuela, far northwestern Brazil, and slightly into Ecuador. A second stretches from eastern Venezuela through Guyana and Suriname into French Guiana. A third resides near the mouth of the Amazon River in northeastern Brazil. The largest (in area) is found from far southeastern Peru across Bolivia and a wide swath of southern Brazil and south barely into Paraguay and Argentina. In elevation it ranges from lowlands to 500 m (1,600 ft) in Mexico, to 400 m (1,300 ft) in Colombia, to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Venezuela, and to 1,350 m (4,400 ft) in Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The South American populations of spot-tailed nightjar are apparently sedentary and those in Central American migratory.<p>The spot-tailed nightjar is nocturnal. It forages by sallying from the ground or during low, slow, flight. Its diet is entirely insects; it has been documented preying on insects of at least 17 families in six orders.<p>The spot-tailed nightjar's breeding seasons have not been fully defined but vary considerably among the different populations. They lay their two eggs (rarely one) directly on the ground without a nest.<p>The spot-tailed nightjar's song is "a high lisping 'tip-SEEEUUEEET'", and is sung both from the ground and from a perch. It has "a rapid t-seet t-seet t-seet t-seet" call and a "slightly wailing seeeu or see-ee-eeii in flight".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Scotopelia peli
A giant, round-headed, ginger-rufous owl covered by dusky bars, spots, and chevrons. Quite shy; day-roosts are well-hidden in huge trees along permanent rivers and forested swamps with sluggish backwaters. The call is a deep, low, horn-like “Ooom”; also produces a series of grunts. Young birds sometimes emit an eerie screeching: “wheeeuuu”. Similar Rufous Fishing-Owl is smaller and brighter; it lacks bars and chevrons on the underparts. Vermiculated Fishing-Owl has a heavily-streaked upper breast and a pale-yellow (not black) beak.
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Common and often noisy and conspicuous little bird of temperate southern forests, also ranging locally into matorral with taller trees. Found in pairs or small groups, at times flocks of tens in the nonbreeding season. Moves actively through foliage from canopy to low in thickets, even on the ground in leaf litter. Thorn-tailed Rayaditos are the core species in mixed-species winter feeding flocks. Plumage distinctive, with thick golden eyebrow, whitish bib (bib buffy on Chiloé Island), striped wings, and “thorny-tipped” tail.
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