Cactus Canastero
Pseudasthenes cactorum
Drab brownish-gray bird found only on arid Andean slopes and coastal hills in western Peru. Lacks strong field marks, but note the orange chin, faint eyebrow, and small amount of chestnut in wings and tail. It is paler and browner than Canyon Canastero. Very similar to Cordilleran Canastero, but with a very different habitat preference and song. Found in sparsely vegetated areas with columnar cacti, in which it nests. Frequently cocks its tail up. Typical song is a very fast trill that turns into a slower rattle at the end.
识别特征
The cactus canastero is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long and weighs 16 to 19 g (0.56 to 0.67 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a pale buff supercilium, fuscous lores and stripe behind the eye, and dull buff ear coverts. Their crown and upperparts are uniform plain dull brown. Their wing coverts are mostly dull rufous and their flight feathers dull fuscous with a rufous patch that shows as a band on the closed wing. Their tail's central pair of feathers are brown, the next two pairs dull dark fuscous with tawny edges on the outer webs, the next pair rufous with dark fuscous edges near their base, and the outer two pairs almost entirely rufous. Their chin and center of their throat are pale orange-tawny; their breast and the rest of their underparts are pale buff. Their iris is brown, their maxilla black to gray, their mandible blue-gray with a blackish tip, and their legs and feet gray-brown to black.
分类信息
The cactus canastero was long placed in genus Asthenes. Beginning in 2010 it and three other members of Asthenes were moved to the newly coined genus Pseudasthenes. Beyond that move, its taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World treat it as monotypic. The Clements taxonomy assigns it two subspecies, the nominate P. c. cactorum (Koepcke, 1959) and P. c. lachayensis (Keopcke, 1965). However, the two putative taxa "appear to be products of clinal variation combined with differences in degree of plumage wear, and described characters do not permit diagnosis of individual specimens".<p>This article follows the monotypic species model.
- 学名
- Pseudasthenes cactorum
- 命名信息
- (Koepcke, 1959)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Pseudasthenes
分布与栖息地
The cactus canastero is found on the west slope of the Andes in Peru, in the Department of La Libertad and then from the Department of Lima south to the Department of Arequipa. It inhabits arid montane scrublands with scattered bushes and columnar cacti. In elevation it ranges between 50 and 2,500 m (160 and 8,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The cactus canastero is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Little is known about the diet or feeding behavior of the cactus canastero. It is usually seen singly or in pairs and is believed to glean arthropods from the ground, rocks, cacti, and maybe low vegetation.<p>The cactus canastero breeds in the austral spring and summer. It is thought to be monogamous and nests in columnar cacti. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The cactus canastero's song is "a weak, dry trill lasting up to 6 seconds" and its call a "low-pitched, fast, dry trill" that is often repeated.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Piapiac
Ptilostomus afer
A unique, slender magpie-like bird with a long narrowing tail and a chunky bill. Adults are uniform glossy black; immatures have black-tipped pink bills. Resident in open savanna with palms, in cultivated areas, and in rural villages. Forages on the ground in groups, often near larger mammals including domestic stock, walking on the ground or riding on the back of the mammal. Also perches in treetops and palms when roosting or resting. Loaded with character. Groups sometimes become garrulous when calling to each other, mostly giving piping high-pitched starling-like “cheeet” calls.
Rufous-tailed Hummingbird
Amazilia tzacatl
Handsome, medium-size hummingbird of humid tropical lowlands. Favors forest edge, second growth, gardens in some areas. Feeds low to high and often comes to feeders. Can be difficult to distinguish from Buff-bellied Hummingbird, which favors drier habitats. Rufous-tailed has a dingier, grayish belly and more extensive rusty on the tail, which lacks the distinct fork often shown by Buff-bellied’s tail. Also compare Cinnamon Hummingbird.
Verreaux's Eagle-Owl
Ketupa lactea
An enormous, grayish owl with dark stripes framing the face. It has a pale,-horn-colored beak and large, dark eyes that are set off by weird and diagnostic fleshy-pink eyelids. Occurs from arid savanna to mesic woodland to riverine forest; prefers areas with some tall trees for breeding and roosting. Hunts medium-sized mammals; has been known to kill competitors, such as Pel’s Fishing-Owl. Its call, a deep guttural grunting “unngh-unngh”, is diagnostic.
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