Yellow-tufted Woodpecker
Melanerpes cruentatus
Loud, colorful woodpecker of lowland forest. Bold black and yellow coloration is distinctive. Frequently perches on tall snags in mature forest and secondary growth. Highly social and is often seen in groups, especially around nesting colonies.
识别特征
An adult is about 20 cm (8 in) long. The upper parts are mostly bluish-black, as are the cheeks, chin, throat and chest. The breast and belly are red, although the amount of red is variable, and the flanks and lower belly have black and white undulating barring. The rump and upper tail-coverts are white, this being noticeable in flight, and the tail is black. The underside of the wing is barred in black and white. The beak is blackish, the legs grey, and the iris and orbital ring are yellow. The male differs from the female in having a red fore- and mid-crown while the female has these parts black. In northern and western races, the brow is yellow, cream or buff, and the hind-crown ha yellow or golden feathers, these often being tufted, but in southern races, these areas are black. Juveniles are similar to the adults but the upper parts are browner and the underparts are greyer; juveniles of both sexes have some red on the crown and the belly is more orange than red.
分类信息
The yellow-tufted woodpecker was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux from a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Picus cruentatus in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The yellow-tufted woodpecker is now placed in the genus Melanerpes that was introduced by the English ornithologist William John Swainson in 1832. The species is monotypic. The generic name combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" with herpēs meaning "creeper". The specific epithet cruentatus is Latin for "blood-stained".
- 学名
- Melanerpes cruentatus
- 命名信息
- (Boddaert, 1783)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Melanerpes
分布与栖息地
The yellow-tufted woodpecker is native to northern South America. Its range includes eastern Colombia, western and southern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern and central Brazil, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia. Its altitudinal range is from sea level to about 1,200 m (3,900 ft), and even higher in Ecuador. It is a species of open humid forest, both varzea and terra firme forest, and is also found in secondary forest, woodland verges and burnt out areas with isolated standing trees. It is a non-migratory species.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The species is social and gregarious and often forages in groups. Its diet is omnivorous, consisting principally of insects, some of which are caught on the wing, and fruits.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Harlequin Quail
Coturnix delegorguei
Small ground-dwelling bird. Male has a bold and beautiful pattern; female is plain brown. Found in habitats with thick ground cover, such as grasslands and crop fields. Shy and inconspicuous; usually seen when flushing from thick cover. Most often detected by voice, a three-part whistle in which a longer first “whit” note is followed by two quicker “whit” notes. Male is distinctive, but female is extremely similar to Common Quail, especially when seen only in flight. If seen well, female Harlequin Quail is darker and more uniform, without a bright white belly or bold streaking on the back. Females also similar to buttonquail, but with duller and less complex patterning. When flushed, Harlequin Quail also has stronger and more direct flight than buttonquail.
Rufous-eared Warbler
Malcorus pectoralis
A long-tailed, pale prinia-like warbler with a rufous facial patch on the side of the head and a neat black band across the throat on otherwise white underparts. The juvenile may lack the throat band and have duller facial patches. Singles and pairs avoid trees, preferring arid open shrubland on sparsely vegetated plains, where they forage on low shrubs, sometimes hopping between bushes on the ground with the tail cocked. The species sings a distinctive high-pitched shrill “tzeee” note 6-20 times in rapid succession, often betraying its presence.
Yellow-breasted Tailorbird
Orthotomus samarensis
A small, long-billed, long-tailed bird of dense undergrowth in lowland forest on Bohol, Leyte, and Samar islands. Olive-green on the back and wings, with an orange-brown tail often held cocked, yellow underparts, a thin yellow line around the back of the neck, and a black cap. Female has a white throat with some streaking around the edge, while the male has a black bib and a small white chin. Similar in size and shape to Rufous-fronted Tailorbird, but has yellow underparts and a black head. Voice includes monotonous piping notes given in series.
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