Sooty Oystercatcher
Haematopus fuliginosus
Heavy-set shorebird with entirely black plumage and long, thick reddish bill. It has a distinctive fleshy red or yellow eye-ring and very thick pale-pink feet and legs. Exclusively coastal, where it can be found walking around on the edge of rocky headlands, on rock shelves, and along rocky beaches on small islands. Typically found in pairs or small groups. Its call is a loud slow whistled "chew", or when agitated a rapidly repeated "squeaky toy" call.
识别特征
Measuring 42 to 52 cm (16.5 to 20.5 in) long with a bill length of 5–8 cm (2–3 in), the sooty oystercatcher has all black plumage, with pink-red legs and scarlet or orange-red bill and eyes. The heaviest of all oystercatchers, the sooty oystercatcher weighs up to 980 g (2.16 lb), averaging around 819 g (1.806 lb), with females larger and heavier in both subspecies. Males have shorter, thicker bills and females have longer, thinner bills. The 19% average difference in length is the most marked of any oystercatcher species. Immature birds have grey-brown legs, a bill tipped with brown, a browner cast to their plumage, and brown eyes. The bill, eyes and legs become red by the second year.
分类信息
John Gould described the sooty oystercatcher in 1845. Its species name is the Latin adjective fuliginosus, "sooty". Two subspecies are recognised, the nominate from the coastline of southern Australia and subspecies ophthalmicus from northern Australia. The southern subspecies is larger and heavier than the northern. The northern one, with a more yellowish eye ring, is found from the Kimberleys across the top of the country to Mackay in central Queensland. There is considerable overlap, as the southern subspecies has been found up to Cape York. Subspecies ophthalmicus has been thought distinctive enough to warrant species status and needs further investigation. Black redbill is a local name.
- 学名
- Haematopus fuliginosus
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1845
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Haematopodidae
- 属
- Haematopus
分布与栖息地
Preferring rocky shores, the sooty oystercatcher is endemic to Australia. There are an estimated 11,500 individuals, 4000 of the nominate race and 7500 of the northern race. It is common around the Tasmanian coastline and Bass Strait islands. However it is declared Rare in South Australia and Queensland, Near Threatened in Victoria and Endangered in New South Wales.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Yellow Chat
Epthianura crocea
Brightly colored, terrestrial songbird of open and arid regions and salt marsh from northern central Australia to northern Western Australia, with isolated subspecies near Darwin and on the coast near Rockhampton, Queensland. Olive above, rich bright yellow below, with yellow head and small black chest patch. In flight, back is the same tone as the wings and contrasts with the yellow uppertail. Females plainer, with yellowish underparts, grayish face, and pale eye.
Green-tailed Trainbearer
Lesbia nuna
Small hummingbird with a very long tail. Bright green overall with a very short, straight bill. The male’s long tail is striking. Sexes similar but females are more spotted below and have a shorter tail. Compare with very similar Black-tailed Trainbearer; Green-tailed has a shorter, straighter bill, a shorter, straighter tail, and is brighter emerald-green. Occurs from Colombia to Peru, from around 1,900 to 3,000 m. Typically found at the edge of forests or shrubby woodlands, but also in drier and more open areas. Occasionally visits feeders, but more often seen feeding at flowering shrubs.
Philippine Swiftlet
Aerodramus mearnsi
Uncommon dark swiftlet. Endemic to a smattering of the Philippines islands, from Luzon to Mindanao to Palawan. Habitat can be helpful in identifying this confusing species; generally favors ridges and slopes in montane and submontane areas above 700-800 meters. Readily confused with significantly larger Ameline Swiftlet, but present species has a more squared-off-looking tail (fork is shallow and often unnoticeable), tends to fly lower and more erratically, and more often forms flocks. Combination of dark rump, unglossed dark back, and medium size separates this species from Gray-rumped Swiftlet, Pygmy Swiftlet, and Ridgetop Swiftlet. Frequently calls while in flight, giving a squeaky chattering twitter.
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