Yellow-crowned Gonolek
Laniarius barbarus
A striking black-and-crimson bushshrike with a yellow-orange crown. Juvenile is duller, browner above and yellowish underneath. Singles and pairs forage alone or sometimes in mixed-species flocks in moist or dry savanna using dense tangles, where it prefers thicker trunks but will also hop on the open ground; also uses coastal scrub and mangroves. Calls are variable, but mostly comprise loud ringing whistles answered by clicks, electric buzzing, and grating notes in a synchronized duet.
识别特征
The yellow-crowned gonolek is 22 cm (8.7 in) long with a long tail and short wings. The adult is a vividly-coloured bird, although easily overlooked as it lurks in undergrowth. It has solidly black upper parts apart from its golden crown, and scarlet underparts other than a buff-yellow undertail. The legs are dark. Sexes are similar, but juveniles are paler and duller.
分类信息
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the yellow-crowned gonolek in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name La pie-griesche rouge du Sénégal and the Latin Lanius Senegalensis ruber. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the yellow-crowned gonolek. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius barbarus and cited Brisson's work. The species is now placed in the genus Laniarius that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816. Two subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Laniarius barbarus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Malaconotidae
- 属
- Laniarius
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
This species is seldom seen because it inhabits thick undergrowth from which its calls can be heard. These include whistles and rattles, often sung in duet, with a fluted too-lioo overlapped by a rattling ch-chacha. The yellow-crowned gonolek feeds mainly on insects located in bushes or on the ground. The diet consists mostly of beetles and caterpillars, but birds eggs and nestlings are sometimes taken.<p>It is monogamous and territorial. Some courtship behaviours have been observed with a pair chasing each other through a bush, leaping from branch to branch and emitting metallic twanging sounds. The deep cup-shaped nest is often flimsy and is built in a bush, from rootlets and tendrils. Two, or occasionally three, greyish-green or bluish-green eggs with dark spots are laid.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spot-crowned Antvireo
Dysithamnus puncticeps
Small drab bird. Plump and short-tailed with a hooked bill and grayish iris. Male is pearly bluish-gray with diagnostic white spotting on the crown and wings. Female is browner overall, especially on the crown. Occurs in lowlands from central Panama to northwest Ecuador, typically in pairs in the understory of humid forest. Often follows mixed-species flocks. Listen for accelerating series of piping notes.
Rufous-breasted Hermit
Glaucis hirsutus
Fairly large hermit with rufous underparts and no elongated central tail feathers. Long decurved bill has a yellow lower mandible. Rounded tail is mostly rufous at the base with a black band and small white tips on each feather. Superficially similar to other hermits, but combination of tail shape and underpart color should be sufficient to identify. The very similar Bronzy Hermit does not overlap in range. An understory species that is fairly shy and most often seen feeding from Heliconia flowers.
Jamaican Elaenia
Myiopagis cotta
A rather small woodland flycatcher that is easily overlooked. It is the only flycatcher in its range with a short white eyebrow and no wingbars. Also note the crisp white crescent below its eye and small black bill. Often detected by its song, which consists of several rapid, loud, slightly squeaky, descending notes (typically five): “Tsi-Tsi-Tsi-Tsi-Tsa”. It is most often found feeding high within the forest.
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