Spot-crowned Antvireo
Dysithamnus puncticeps
Small drab bird. Plump and short-tailed with a hooked bill and grayish iris. Male is pearly bluish-gray with diagnostic white spotting on the crown and wings. Female is browner overall, especially on the crown. Occurs in lowlands from central Panama to northwest Ecuador, typically in pairs in the understory of humid forest. Often follows mixed-species flocks. Listen for accelerating series of piping notes.
识别特征
The spot-crowned antvireo is 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) long and weighs 15 to 17 g (0.53 to 0.60 oz). Adult males have a dark gray forehead, crown, and nape heavily marked with white spots. Their ear coverts are grayish. Their upperparts are grayish olive with a hidden white patch between the scapulars. Their flight feathers are dark grayish olive with wide buffy grayish edges; their wing coverts are blackish with white tips. Their tail is dark grayish olive with white tips on the feathers. Their throat, breast, and upper belly are white with dark streaks, their sides olive-gray, and their belly and undertail coverts whitish with an ochraceous tinge. Adult females have a rufous crown and nape with dark spots and pale buff ear coverts. Their wing coverts are less black than the male's. Their throat, breast, and belly center are pale buff and their sides, flanks, lower belly, and undertail coverts are ochraceous.
分类信息
The spot-crowned antvireo is monotypic. It and the streak-crowned antvireo (D. striaticeps) are closely related and may form a superspecies.
- 学名
- Dysithamnus puncticeps
- 命名信息
- Salvin, 1866
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Dysithamnus
分布与栖息地
The spot-crowned antvireo is found from Cahuita in Costa Rica's Limón Province south through Panama on the Caribbean slope and on the Pacific slope from Panamá Province. Its range continues into Colombia on the lower reaches of the Cauca River and along the country's Pacific slope into northwestern Ecuador as far as Manabí and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas provinces. It primarily inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of evergreen forest in the lowlands and foothills. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Costa Rica, to 500 m (1,600 ft) in Panama, to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Colombia, and to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Ecuador.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The spot-crowned antvireo is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The spot-crowned antvireo feeds mostly on insects and its diet also includes other arthropods like spiders. It usually forages in pairs or family groups, and frequently as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically feeds between about 3 and 8 m (10 and 25 ft) above the ground. It feeds deliberately, generally by gleaning from live foliage while perched. It also often makes short sallies to hover-glean or to snatch prey from overhanging leaves. It has been observed following army ants for brief periods.<p>The spot-crowned antvireo breeds between April and July in Panama and nest-building has been recorded in late August in Colombia. Its breeding season elsewhere has not been determined. One nest was a cup hanging from a branch fork 2 m (7 ft) above the ground. It contained two eggs and both parents incubated them. The incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care are not known.<p>The spot-crowned antvireo's song is "a rapid...trill, notes not countable, pitch first rising slightly, falling slightly terminally, pace constant initially, then accelerating slightly towards end". Its calls include a "short descending 'chirr' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ring-billed Gull
Larus delawarensis
Fairly small gull, common and widespread throughout most of North America. Breeding adults are white-headed with a bold black ring around the bill; nonbreeding adults have smudgy brown markings on the head. Note pale eye and yellow legs. Immatures are mottled brownish overall; note pink bill with black tip. Found along lakes, rivers, ponds, and beaches. More common inland than most other gull species, and quite fond of parking lots and urban areas. Often in flocks. Most similar to Short-billed Gull, but larger and larger-billed. Immatures of the two species are especially difficult to differentiate, but Ring-billed is usually more coarsely mottled.
Little Swift
Apus affinis
Small swift with a square-tipped tail, broad outer wings and sharply-demarcated white rump. White on the rump extends to the sides and is visible from below. Note the obvious contrasting white throat. Superficially similar to house-martins, but lacks a white belly. Breeds both in natural cliff settings and in urban areas where it nests on buildings. Very vocal, particularly near the nest, giving a constant descending trill.
Olive-backed Quail-Dove
Leptotrygon veraguensis
Plump ground-dwelling dove, small for a quail-dove and much darker overall compared with the others. Overall dark grayish with contrasting white face and cheek. Lower belly is whitish, fading to a buffy vent. Pinkish-red legs. Sexes alike. Prefers forests, usually on the ground unless flushed up into the lower levels of a tree. Like most quail-doves, often best seen by quietly walking along trails at dawn and dusk.
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