Jamaican Elaenia
Myiopagis cotta
A rather small woodland flycatcher that is easily overlooked. It is the only flycatcher in its range with a short white eyebrow and no wingbars. Also note the crisp white crescent below its eye and small black bill. Often detected by its song, which consists of several rapid, loud, slightly squeaky, descending notes (typically five): “Tsi-Tsi-Tsi-Tsi-Tsa”. It is most often found feeding high within the forest.
识别特征
The Jamaican elaenia measures 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) from bill to tail and weighs 11.5–13 g (0.41–0.46 oz). Its plumage is a greenish-olive above, a whitish yellow below, and its head is slightly darker with feathers somewhat elongated, concealing their bright orange-yellow patch. Its wings and tail are a dusky olive color with yellow stripes throughout. Its bill is short and black along with its legs. Juvenile Jamaican elaenia lack the coronal patch on their head, has pale gray underparts, and their belly is more yellow.
分类信息
- 学名
- Myiopagis cotta
- 命名信息
- (Gosse, 1849)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Tyrannidae
- 属
- Myiopagis
分布与栖息地
The Jamaican elaenia is native to Jamaica where 75% of its original forest has been cleared and what remains of that is majority second growth. The 25% that remains of original forest remains on high mountains and cliffs and places that are undisturbed by humans or places that prove to be more difficult to get to or uninhabitable land. Likewise, land in Jamaica is also protected by the John Crow national park. Their habitat is also exposed to hurricane damage, use of pesticides, plantations, forest removal, forest fires, and urbanization.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
The conservation status of the Jamaican elaenia is currently at the "least concern" which is the lowest out of the seven possible options. There is still no concern for these birds to become "concerned" or "rare". The Jamaican elaenia has been observed every four to six years by the IUCN red list since 1988. For the first sixteen years, the bird's conservation status was unknown because it did not qualify for a population count that the IUCN deemed necessary to track. 2004 was the first year they were tracked and ranked at "least concern" which they have been ranked at since 2004 through the present. The population size is decreasing but is yet to decline enough to be considered vulnerable by the IUCN. For them to be vulnerable they would have to decrease in population by more than thirty percent to be considered.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gould's Toucanet
Selenidera gouldii
Beautiful small, multicolored toucan. Males have a black crown and underparts; in females, the black is replaced by chestnut. Note the black and orange patches on the bill. Inhabits lowland humid forest, seasonally flooded forest, gallery forest, and old second growth. Forages from middle levels to the canopy, usually in fruiting trees. Call is a deep and somewhat slow series of “ggrawnk” to “ggrraaw” notes, easily overlooked.
Cape Shoveler
Spatula smithii
A large, elongated, speckled, brown duck with a distinctive and extended spatula-shaped black bill. In flight the sky-blue forewing is distinctive; no other regularly occurring duck species shares this feature. Male has a gray head, yellow eye, and yellow-orange feet; female has a rusty-brown head, dark eye, and gray-yellow feet. Within its range, the Northern Shoveler is an extremely rare vagrant, and it differs from Cape Shoveller by the following features: male in breeding plumage has a green head and chestnut belly; female and juvenile are in general paler and more warmly colored, but some individuals may be inseparable from female Cape Shoveller.
Caspian Gull
Larus cachinnans
Difficult to separate from Yellow-legged Gulls and Herring Gulls without a careful appraisal of plumage characters. Candidate birds may draw attention by slender-billed, long-legged, and slim appearance. Flattened crown, rather small dark eyes, and usually unstreaked head are also useful characters. Wingtip (primary) feathers in adults have long tongues of white that penetrate into the black tips. Juveniles have prominent pale underwings. Breeds and winters predominantly on inland water bodies with some movement toward coasts in winter.
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