Peruvian Tern
Sternula lorata
Tiny and rather local tern of the Humboldt Current. Nests in small colonies amid bleak deserts near coast. Feeds mainly over inshore waters rather than along immediate coast, and thus not seen very frequently, but can be found on sandy beaches and at river mouths, sometimes with other terns. Identified readily by very small size and rapid deep wingbeats. Breeding adult smoky gray overall with white forehead and yellow bill. Immature and nonbreeding birds have a whiter body and reduced black on the head.
识别特征
The Peruvian tern is a very small species with a length of about 24 cm (9.4 in). The upper half of the head and neck are black, and the remaining part of the head is white. The back, wings and tail are grey, the throat, chin and breast are white, and the chest, belly and flanks are pale grey. The under tail-coverts are white. The bill is yellow with a black tip, the irises are brown and the legs are yellowish. The pale grey underparts differentiate it from other small terns. It has a very rapid and characteristic wingbeat. The call is a shrill "kik" and a harsh "gree", and it also utters a descending series of "kee-ee-eer" notes.
分类信息
- 学名
- Sternula lorata
- 命名信息
- (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Laridae
- 属
- Sternula
分布与栖息地
This species is endemic to the tropical west coast of South America. Its range extends from north and central Ecuador, through Peru to northern Chile, as far south as the Mejillones Peninsula. Its status in Ecuador is unclear and in Peru it is known from four confirmed sites, breeding at the back of the beach in association with wetlands. There are nine known sites in Chile, all in the vicinity of Mejillones, and at all of these the birds breed a little inland in the desert. There may be other breeding sites that have yet to be discovered, and some sites have not been revisited since they were recorded many years ago.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The diet has been observed to include the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), the Atlantic saury (Scomberesox saurus), the Peruvian silverside (Odontesthes regia) and the mote sculpin (Normanichthys crockeri).<p>Breeding takes place between August and February but is mostly concentrated between October and January. The nests are widely separated in loose colonies of up to twenty-five pairs. They are often found near coastal wetlands and lagoons where the birds forage. Some birds nest on beaches and dunes one to two hundred metres inland from the high tide mark, but others nest one or more kilometres inland on sandy plains. One or two eggs form a clutch, and both eggs and chicks are well-camouflaged to avoid detection. After breeding, the birds leave the coast and may move out to sea. In El Niño years, they are also absent from the shore, do not make any attempt to breed and probably remain at sea.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Mountain Tailorbird
Phyllergates cucullatus
Tiny warbler with a long bill and frequently cocked tail. Secretive, tending to stick to the brushy underlayer of hill and submontane forest. Often moves about solitarily, but can sometimes be found with mixed-species flocks, especially with small warblers and fulvettas. Green above and yellow below, with a pale gray throat. Somewhat resembles a Common or Dark-necked tailorbird, but only a fraction of the size, with a proportionally far longer bill, black eye-stripe, and bright orange forehead. Song is an extremely high-pitched tinkling series of whistled notes with an otherworldly quality. Calls include high descending trills and dry chittering.
Banda Sea Monarch
Symposiachrus mundus
A gray-and-white flycatcher-like songbird confined to the eastern Lesser Sundas. Head slate-gray with well-defined black mask and throat. Underparts bright white and upperparts slate-gray, with dark tail displaying obvious white outer feathers. Juveniles are grayish-brown above and cinnamon below, with white on face, throat, and neck. Singles and pairs frequent mixed-species flocks within understory of forest, forest edge, and mangroves. Lacks orange on breast, unlike Spectacled Monarch. Song is a high-pitched, descending whistled “seeeer.” Also gives a scratchy “k’schrrrr,” “schrrrr,” and rasping “weeee.”
Kalinago Wren
Troglodytes martinicensis
Small brownish wren now found only on Dominica; formerly also occurred on Guadeloupe and Martinique. Plumage cinnamon-brown overall, with dark barring on the wings and tail. Lacks white eyebrow. Generally more arboreal than mainland “House Wrens”, occurring in dense brushy woodland throughout the island. Often perches conspicuously when singing, but otherwise fairly secretive. Listen for loud song of chatters and clearer trills, as well as harsh scolding calls.
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