Dusky Nightjar
Antrostomus saturatus
Small dark nightjar with very limited range in the highlands of Costa Rica and Panama. Few obvious plumage features: entire body is intricately patterned with dark brown, black, and buff. Pale corners to tail (white in male, buffy in female). Fairly common above around 1,500 m, where it can be found at the edge of cloud forest. Usually perches on a fence post or low branch. Strictly nocturnal, and easily detected by voice; listen for the trilled “whip, wee-per-wee!,” rising at the end. Closely related to whip-poor-wills further north.
识别特征
The dusky nightjar is 21 to 25 cm (8.3 to 9.8 in) long. A male weighed 52.9 g (1.9 oz) and a female 51 g (1.8 oz). The adult male's upperparts are sooty black with fine reddish cinnamon spots and bars. Much of the face is also reddish cinnamon. The central tail feathers are sooty black with reddish cinnamon bars; the outer three pairs have wide white tips and less barring. The wings are blackish with reddish cinnamon bars. The throat and breast are sooty black with scattered white spots and have a narrow band of white and buff separating them. The belly is cinnamon to buff with narrow black bars. The adult female is similar to the male, but the reddish buff markings are larger giving a more reddish overall appearance. The tips of the outer tail feathers are narrow and buff rather than wide and white. Juveniles are somewhat paler and more reddish than the adults.<p>
分类信息
The dusky nightjar was originally described as Antrostomus saturatus; that genus was later merged into Caprimulgus and later still restored to generic status. It appears to be most closely related to the eastern and Mexican whip-poor-wills (A. vociferus and A. arizonae, respectively). The dusky nightjar is monotypic.
- 学名
- Antrostomus saturatus
- 命名信息
- Salvin, 1870
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Caprimulgidae
- 属
- Antrostomus
分布与栖息地
The dusky nightjar has a wide but scattered distribution through the highlands of Costa Rica. In Panama it occurs only on Volcán Barú in Chiriquí Province. In elevation it ranges from 1,500 to 3,100 m (4,900 to 10,200 ft). It inhabits the edges and openings of humid montane forest rather than its interior.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The dusky nightjar is nocturnal. It forages mostly with sallies from a perch several meters above the ground and rarely from the ground itself. Its prey is flying insects; beetles and moths appear to be the most prevalent items.<p>The dusky nightjar's breeding season appears to span from February or March into April. Only one nest has been described; it was "a small grass-lined depression" among grass and ferns and contained one egg.<p>The male dusky nightjar's song is "a trilled, double-noted whistle prurrr prureee or prurrrr prruwhip". It is sung mostly during the breeding season, from a perch and rarely from the ground, and may be sung throughout moonlit nights. A flight call is described as "a scratchy wheer."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-fronted Wood-Quail
Odontophorus atrifrons
A stout-billed, robust quail with a black face and very short crest. Mostly brown upperparts and gray-brown underparts, both finely barred. Nape is chestnut, throat black, underparts boldly dotted white, and upperparts streaked with white. Hard to see but common by voice, often in small groups walking on floor of cloud forest, most often in mature forest. Voice is an antiphonal song, generally in duets. Black face and throat diagnostic. Found only in northeastern Colombia and extreme western Venezuela.
Slender-billed Gull
Chroicocephalus genei
Medium-sized gull with a long, slender bill. Breeding adult has a clean white head and dark red bill, and frequently shows a strong rosy-pink flush to the underparts. Non-breeding adult similar, but may show slight smudge on the head. Immature has orange bill with small brown patches on the wings, most readily seen in flight. Compare with Black-headed Gull; note Slender-billed's longer bill, sloping forehead, and "snouty" profile. Breeds in colonies in inland and coastal wetlands, but restricted to coastal wetlands when not breeding. Away from main range, found singly or in pairs, at times in association with much commoner Black-headed Gull.
Eurasian Collared-Dove
Streptopelia decaocto
Large pale dove with a black crescent on the nape. Slightly smaller and paler than Rock Pigeon, with a proportionately longer, square-tipped tail. Favors farms and suburbs; avoids areas with extensive forests. Typically seen in pairs or small loose groups; forms larger flocks in winter. Widespread and common throughout much of Eurasia and northern Africa. Introduced to, and established in, much of North America, the Caribbean, and parts of Central America. Compare with African Collared-Dove, which may occur in small feral populations or as an escapee throughout Eurasian Collared-Dove’s range. Especially note tail pattern from below: mostly white, contrasting with the grayish undertail coverts, and with black extending down the outer edge of the tail feathers. Voice - a cooing “woop-WOOO!-woop” - is also helpful.
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