White-chested Puffbird
Malacoptila fusca
Brown-and-white streaked bird with a large head and yellowish bill; white crescent on chest is helpful for identification but can be difficult to see. Inhabits lower and middle levels of tall rainforest, where it is easily overlooked as it sits motionless for long periods before darting to tree trunks, foliage, or ground for large insect and small vertebrate prey. Not common and usually encountered alone. Song is a long, very rapid series of soft piping notes, slowly falling in pitch and only audible at close range; calls include a high, thin, descending whistle, repeated at long intervals. Unlikely to be confused in most of range; distinguished from others in genus by streaked back.
识别特征
The white-chested puffbird is about 18 cm (7.1 in) long and weighs about 44 g (1.6 oz). The head, upperparts, and wing coverts are dark brown, with the crown being blackish brown. Pale shafts to the feathers give a streaked appearance. The tail is warm brown. It has a whitish "whisker" and chin and a thin white crescent across the upper breast. The underparts are dirty white or buff with brown streaks and mottling. The bill is yellow-orange with a black tip, the eye reddish brown, yellow, or red, and the legs and feet yellow olive to pale olive.<p>The song is "a long, descending musical trill: tree'e'e'e'e'e'e'e'e'ew." Its calls include "a descending, high, mewing whistle peeww."
分类信息
The white-chested puffbird was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the other puffbirds in the genus Bucco and coined the binomial name Bucco fuscus. The specific epithet is Latin meaning "brown" or "dusky". Gmelin based his description on the "white-breasted barbet" that had been described in 1782 by the English ornithologist John Latham from a specimen that had been collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. The white-chested puffbird is now one of seven species placed in the genus Malacoptila that was introduced by George Gray in 1841.<p>The white-chested puffbird and the semicollared puffbird (Malacoptila semicincta) were considered to be conspecific by James Peters in 1958 but they are now treated as a superspecies. The white-chested puffbird is generally considered to be monotypic, though a subspecies M. f. venezuelae was proposed in 1947.
- 学名
- Malacoptila fusca
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1788)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Bucconidae
- 属
- Malacoptila
分布与栖息地
The white-chested puffbird is found in two large disjunct areas. One is from eastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela south through eastern Ecuador and central Peru as far as the valley of the Apurímac River. The other is in the lower Amazon Basin from the Guianas east and south into Brazil's Amazonas and Pará states. It inhabits the understory of tropical evergreen forest, both terra firme and várzea. It is a bird of the lowlands. In elevation it ranges up to 200 m (660 ft) in Venezuela, 600 m (2,000 ft) in Colombia, 900 m (3,000 ft) in Ecuador (though locally to 1,200 m (3,900 ft)), and 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Peru.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-chested puffbird hunts from a perch several meters above the ground, remaining motionless for long periods before sallying to capture prey on the ground or from vegetation. It then usually flies to a different perch. It sometimes follows army ant swarms. Its diet has not been described in detail, but it is probably mostly insects with some small invertebrates.<p>Essentially nothing is known about the white-chested puffbird's breeding phenology. It is thought to nest in a burrow in the ground as does its close relative the white-whiskered puffbird (M. panamensis).
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Romblon Boobook
Ninox spilonotus
A rare medium-sized owl of lowland and foothill forest on Tablas, Romblon, and Sibuyan islands. Upperparts, chest, and head dark brown and indistinctly barred. Underparts reddish brown. Note the long whiskers around the face and the bright yellow eyes. Probably the only owl in its range except for Mantanani Scops-Owl, but Romblon Boobook is reddish rather than gray and lacks the black line around the face. Song is a phrase of three notes, “wik weu-weu,” with the second and third being descending rasping notes.
Small Sparrowhawk
Tachyspiza nanus
A small, compact hawk with yellow eyes, a lime-green bill base, and yellow legs. Adult is slate-gray with a vinous breast and whitish belly and thighs. Immatures are unbarred rufous above with boldly streaked pale underparts. Doesn’t soar. Mostly found in hill and montane forest, occasionally lowlands. Confined to Sulawesi. Slightly smaller, shorter-tailed, smaller-billed, and shorter-toed than Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk, but best separated by voice. Pale eyes distinguish it from Spot-tailed Goshawk and Chinese and Japanese Sparrowhawks. Unbarred thighs and extensive white underwings in flight separate it from adult Japanese Sparrowhawk. Absence of tail spots rules out Spot-tailed Goshawk. Gives a “kew-kew-ke-ke-ke-ke” call, higher-pitched than Vinous-breasted Sparowhawk’s.
Chestnut-bellied Cuckoo
Coccyzus pluvialis
A large species with an impressive tail and a chestnut belly. Found in wooded habitats between 400 and 1500 meters in elevation, particularly wet, open forests; stalks prey by walking and sometimes running along tree limbs. Flight is often a rapid flapping followed by long glide. The Jamaican Lizard-Cuckoo is similar in overall shape, but it is somewhat smaller, has a longer straighter bill, and a buff (not chestnut) belly. This species is often heard before it is seen. Call is a low, harsh, growling “aahhhh” or “aahhhh-ahh.”
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