Munchique Wood-Wren
Henicorhina negreti
A small, stub-tailed wren endemic to Colombia’s western Andes. It has a long, white eyebrow and a streaky face. Very similar to Gray-breasted Wood-Wren, but has very faint barring on the belly. This is very hard to see in the field, and usually voice is the best way to separate them. Munchique Wood-Wren’s song is slightly lower in pitch and the notes are flatter and less squeaky. Inhabits cloud forest understory, usually at higher elevations than Gray-breasted, but with some overlap.
识别特征
The Munchique wood wren is 10.8 to 11.7 cm (4.3 to 4.6 in) long and weighs 15.2 to 16.7 g (0.54 to 0.59 oz). The adult has a dark brown crown with blackish marks, a thin white supercilium, a dull black line from the lores through the eye, and blackish cheeks with whitish mottling. Its upperparts are a slightly brighter brown than the crown and its tail is brown with black bars. The throat is white, streaked with black at its lower edge. The breast is medium gray, the belly a lighter gray, and the flanks and vent area brown. The abdomen and flanks have dark gray to black bars. The juvenile is much darker than the adult and does not have the abdominal barring.
分类信息
The Munchique wood wren was first observed by Steven Hilty in the 1980s and not described until detailed studies by Paul Salaman, Paul Coopmans, Thomas Donegan, and others in 2000. Morphological and especially vocal differences set it apart from the widespread grey-breasted wood wren (Henicorhina leucophrys) that occurs at lower elevations on the same mountain slope. It is closely related to the grey-breasted wood wren and is probably derived from it. The species' scientific name honors Álvaro José Negret, a Colombian ornithologist who died in 1998. The Munchique wood wren is monotypic.
- 学名
- Henicorhina negreti
- 命名信息
- Salaman, Coopmans, Donegan, Mulligan, Cortés-Diago, Hilty & Ortega, 2003
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Troglodytidae
- 属
- Henicorhina
分布与栖息地
The Munchique wood wren is found on the Pacific slope of Colombia's Western Andes. It is known from only a few areas, the Munchique Massif in Cauca Department; in the region where the departments of Chocó, Antioquia, and Risaralda meet; in the area where extreme eastern Chocó and southwestern Antioquia meet; and a very small area in extreme southeastern Chocó.<p>The Munchiqe wood wren appears to have very specific habitat requirements. It inhabits very wet and stunted cloud forest, typically with many epiphytes, that is almost continuously in fog. In elevation it ranges from 2,250 to 2,640 m (7,380 to 8,660 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Munchique wood wren forages low in vegetation, typically below 2 m (6.6 ft) above the ground but occasionally up to 4 m (13 ft). It may briefly associate with mixed-species foraging flocks that enter its territory but does not follow them. The stomach contents of specimens contained beetles, flies, and other arthropods.<p>Based on the age of a collected juvenile, the Munchique wood wren lays its eggs in early June, but no other information about its breeding phenology has been published.<p>The Munchique wood wren's song is "phrases of 6–12 pure notes...[with a] typical song containing more than ten repeated phrases". Its calls are "mostly churrs, similar to those of congeners."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-throated Woodcreeper
Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Large woodcreeper with a relatively small head and a long, robust, and slightly decurved bill. Found in humid forests including Araucaria forest where it forages at all levels. Rufous-brown body with a pale face and throat, and buff streaking on the neck and crown. The breast is buffy with white streaks and the belly is barred. Sometimes found in association with army-ant swarms or mixed-species flocks. Loud, far-carrying song is a whine followed by a descending series of 4–6 disyllabic whistles.
Southern White-fringed Antwren
Formicivora grisea
An attractive, fairly long-tailed antwren found from eastern Venezuela and Guyana to southeastern Brazil. Males are grayish-brown above and black below with a white eyebrow and white sides. Also note bold white spots on wings and tail. Females are bright tawny below, with bold white wing spots and an indistinct white eyebrow. Look for pairs foraging in the lower levels of dense shrubby woodland, often remaining fairly hidden and difficult to see clearly. Typically occurs in the lowlands up to around 1,000 m. Listen for series of rather musical clucking notes.
Capped Heron
Pilherodius pileatus
This gorgeous medium-sized heron is uncommon but widespread in lowlands of South America, barely extending into eastern Panama. Not likely to be mistaken: combination of silvery back, buffy neck and belly, black cap, and blue lores (sometimes radiant turquoise!) help distinguish this species from other herons. Also note the long white plumes on the back of the head. Occurs around swamps, forested ponds, and rivers, usually singly.
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