Black Bushbird
Neoctantes niger
Distinctive, chunky antbird with an upturned bill. Males are entirely black with a silvery-black bill; females are similar, but have a bright red-orange belly. Found in dense forest undergrowth, including in heliconia thickets, waterside vegetation, viny edge forest, and dense forest on nutrient poor soils. Forages singly or in pairs, and does not usually join mixed-species flocks. Its song is an easily-imitated, even-paced series of low whistles, given at a pace of about one note per second.
识别特征
The black bushbird is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 29 to 32 g (1.0 to 1.1 oz). It is rather stocky with a short tail and an unusual upturned bill. The sexes have different plumage. Adult males are entirely black except for a small, mostly hidden, patch of white between the shoulders. Adult females are mostly sooty black with a rufous breast and upper belly.
分类信息
The black bushbird was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1859 and given the binomial name Xenops niger. The current genus Neoctantes was erected by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1869.<p>The black bushbird is the only member of genus Neoctantes and has no subspecies.
- 学名
- Neoctantes niger
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1859)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Neoctantes
分布与栖息地
The black bushbird has a disjunct distribution. The largest range encompases south-central and southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern and southeastern Peru, and western Brazil. Isolated ranges are scattered throughout central Amazonian Brazil. The species inhabits lowland terra firme and várzea evergreen forest; it is more common in the latter. It favors dense undergrowth along edges, in treefalls, and along swampy streams.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black bushbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black bushbird is thought to feed on insects and other arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs in dense vegetation from the ground up to about 10 m (35 ft) above it. It occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks that pass through its territory but does not travel with them. It forages mostly by picking, hammering, and digging into branches, woody vines, and rotten wood. It uses its unusual bill to wedge or flake off bark or pieces of the substrate.<p>Only one nest of the black bushbird has been studied. It was found in September in Peru, a messy, bulky cup of leaves and other plant material suspended in a shrub's branch fork. The male was incubating the single egg. The nest failed the next day due to predation or a storm so the incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care could not be determined. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The black bushbird is not highly vocal. Its song is an "often slightly rising series of semimusical 'werk' notes" given for a minute or more at about one note per second. Its call is "distinctive, squealing, two-parted but continuous, with second part lower-pitched", a "nasal 'kyoo' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Galapagos Shearwater
Puffinus subalaris
Very small black-and-white shearwater of warm tropical waters. Can be seen from shore off the coast of Oaxaca. Often in flocks, sometimes of thousands, resting on the water and in feeding flocks with Brown Boobies, Black Terns, and other shearwaters. Flight quick and low, with hurried wingbeats and only short glides. Smaller and shorter-winged than Black-vented Shearwater and rare Townsend’s Shearwater. Black-vented has messier brown colors on the side of its head, without distinct dark cap of Galapagos. Townsend’s is blacker above with white patches (saddlebags) at sides of rump.
Crestless Curassow
Mitu tomentosum
Large, terrestrial bird of flood-prone lowland rainforest; generally shy and difficult to see. Note all-dark appearance and small, red bill. Found in seasonally flooded forest, gallery forest in savanna, and near oxbow lakes. Forages on the ground for fallen fruit; usually alone or in pairs. Roosts in canopy and may flush into trees when disturbed. Told from other curassows in range by chestnut (not white) belly; Black Curassow is larger and has yellow knobs at base of bill. Song is a low humming, often given at night.
Blue-capped Redstart
Phoenicurus coeruleocephala
An odd small redstart of open dry forests. Male doesn’t look like any other redstarts; somewhat resembles magpie-robins, which do not share its range. Dark head and white wingbars are striking; slate-blue sheen on the cap is often not visible. Female has weak warm tones on the tail, unlike most other female redstarts, but her two white wingbars and white eye-ring are unique.
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