Black Bushbird
Neoctantes niger
Distinctive, chunky antbird with an upturned bill. Males are entirely black with a silvery-black bill; females are similar, but have a bright red-orange belly. Found in dense forest undergrowth, including in heliconia thickets, waterside vegetation, viny edge forest, and dense forest on nutrient poor soils. Forages singly or in pairs, and does not usually join mixed-species flocks. Its song is an easily-imitated, even-paced series of low whistles, given at a pace of about one note per second.
识别特征
The black bushbird is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 29 to 32 g (1.0 to 1.1 oz). It is rather stocky with a short tail and an unusual upturned bill. The sexes have different plumage. Adult males are entirely black except for a small, mostly hidden, patch of white between the shoulders. Adult females are mostly sooty black with a rufous breast and upper belly.
分类信息
The black bushbird was described by the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln in 1859 and given the binomial name Xenops niger. The current genus Neoctantes was erected by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1869.<p>The black bushbird is the only member of genus Neoctantes and has no subspecies.
- 学名
- Neoctantes niger
- 命名信息
- (Pelzeln, 1859)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Neoctantes
分布与栖息地
The black bushbird has a disjunct distribution. The largest range encompases south-central and southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern and southeastern Peru, and western Brazil. Isolated ranges are scattered throughout central Amazonian Brazil. The species inhabits lowland terra firme and várzea evergreen forest; it is more common in the latter. It favors dense undergrowth along edges, in treefalls, and along swampy streams.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black bushbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black bushbird is thought to feed on insects and other arthropods. It forages singly or in pairs in dense vegetation from the ground up to about 10 m (35 ft) above it. It occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks that pass through its territory but does not travel with them. It forages mostly by picking, hammering, and digging into branches, woody vines, and rotten wood. It uses its unusual bill to wedge or flake off bark or pieces of the substrate.<p>Only one nest of the black bushbird has been studied. It was found in September in Peru, a messy, bulky cup of leaves and other plant material suspended in a shrub's branch fork. The male was incubating the single egg. The nest failed the next day due to predation or a storm so the incubation period, time to fledging, and other details of parental care could not be determined. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The black bushbird is not highly vocal. Its song is an "often slightly rising series of semimusical 'werk' notes" given for a minute or more at about one note per second. Its call is "distinctive, squealing, two-parted but continuous, with second part lower-pitched", a "nasal 'kyoo' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Guayaquil Woodpecker
Campephilus gayaquilensis
Large woodpecker found in both dry and humid forest in western Ecuador, northwestern Peru, and far southwestern Colombia. Note red head, white “V” on black back, white neck stripes, and barred lower underparts. On female, white neck stripe extends to beak. Similar to Lineated Woodpecker, but Guyaquil Woodpecker’s back stripes converge in a “V”, and it lacks a dark mask around the eye. Often perches on dead trees, and periodically pounds out a loud, powerful burst of knocks.
Cinnamon Bittern
Botaurus cinnamomeus
Small heron of wet and open grassy areas such as flooded meadows and paddy fields. Uniformly bright rufous upperparts of adult male unmistakable. Female and juvenile have pale streaked belly, dark streaks and spots scattered on the wings and back, and are dark brown with some rufous tones above. Females often have light spotting on the wings, potentially causing confusion with female Schrenck's Bittern, which has brighter and more solid white spots and a prominent dark crown lacking in Cinnamon. Gives dry croaking clicks.
Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail
Odontophorus speciosus
Plump, chickenlike bird found in cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes from extreme southern Colombia to Bolivia. It has chestnut underparts, brown upperparts that are boldly streaked with white, and black face and throat. Small coveys of birds walk on the ground inside forest, where they are shy and usually very hard to see well, though they do visit feeders in some areas. Far-carrying song is a long, rollicking series of whistles.
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