Guayaquil Woodpecker
Campephilus gayaquilensis
Large woodpecker found in both dry and humid forest in western Ecuador, northwestern Peru, and far southwestern Colombia. Note red head, white “V” on black back, white neck stripes, and barred lower underparts. On female, white neck stripe extends to beak. Similar to Lineated Woodpecker, but Guyaquil Woodpecker’s back stripes converge in a “V”, and it lacks a dark mask around the eye. Often perches on dead trees, and periodically pounds out a loud, powerful burst of knocks.
识别特征
The Guayaquil woodpecker is 32 to 34 cm (13 to 13 in) long and weighs 230 to 253 g (8.1 to 8.9 oz). Both sexes' upperparts are black from their neck to upper back; their lower back to the uppertail coverts is barred with whitish buff and blackish. Their neck has white stripes on the side that continue onto the upper back and meet as a "V". Their wings' upper surface is brownish black to black; the flight feathers are browner with small cinnamon or buff spots on their inner webs. The underside of the wings' feathers are white with brown tips and trailing edges and pale cinnamon bases on the primaries. Their tail is dark brown to black-brown. Their throat and upper breast are black and the rest of their underparts whitish buff to pale cinnamon-buff with browish black bars. Adult males have an entirely red head with a small black and white spot on the ear coverts. Adult females do not have the covert spot. They do have a wide creamy stripe with black edges that extends from the bill to the ear coverts and bends down to meet the white neck stripe. The adult's bill is a long grayish chisel with a paler mandible, their iris pale yellow, and their legs gray-brown to greenish gray. Juveniles resemble adults but have less barring on the rump and underparts; males' heads resemble the adult female's and females have more black than they do as adults.
分类信息
The Guayaquil woodpecker was for a time placed in genus Scapaneus that was later merged into genus Phloeoceastes that was itself merged into the current genus Campephilus. The Guayaquil woodpecker is monotypic.
- 学名
- Campephilus gayaquilensis
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1845)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Campephilus
分布与栖息地
The Guayaquil woodpecker is found from southwestern Colombia's Cauca Department south through Ecuador west of the Andes into northwestern Peru's Department of Cajamarca. It inhabits the interior and edges of dry to humid deciduous forest and also mature secondary forest. In elevation it ranges as high as 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in Colombia and 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Ecuador and Peru, but there mostly below 800 m (2,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Guayaquil woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Guayaquil woodpecker often forages in pairs, and usually in the forest canopy. Its diet has not been documented but is likely similar to that of the closely related crimson-crested woodpecker (C. melanoleucos), which see here.<p>The Guayaquil woodpecker's breeding season has not been defined but includes at least October and May. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The Guayaquil woodpecker's most common call is "a liquid, rolling “kwi-kwi-kwe-rrrrrrr”". When excited it utters "“kwik-kwik-kwikerrr” and “kik-kwiddit” notes". Its drum is "a one-second long roll comprising 4–7 strikes (typically six), the first loud and forceful, the rest weaker".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
Small, plump shorebird with droopy bill. Breeding plumage is distinctive with rufous or brown back and black belly. In fall and winter, plain grayish-brown above with white belly. Often in large flocks on mudflats and beaches, sometimes mixing with other shorebirds. Breeds on Arctic tundra; winters on coastlines throughout the Northern Hemisphere; typically less common inland. A late migrant, especially in fall; lingers longer at higher latitudes than most other small shorebirds. Very similar to Curlew Sandpiper in nonbreeding plumage, but Dunlin is more compact, shorter-winged and shorter-legged, and darker. Droopy bill might recall Western Sandpiper, but Dunlin is larger and darker. Also compare with Purple Sandpiper, which is even darker and more spotted and has orange legs. Listen for loud, slightly buzzy “dzeer!” calls.
Black-headed Antbird
Percnostola rufifrons
Medium-sized, stocky bird of forest understory. Shows substantial geographic variation in plumage, but males are always black and dark gray, females rufous and gray-brown. Both sexes show thin wingbars: white in males, rufous-buff in females. Eastern populations (Guianas and NE Brazil) have striking red eyes; those of more western subspecies are gray. Found in tall rainforest and in lower-stature forests on sandy soils, usually in pairs or small groups that often follow army ants but are just as likely to be seen away from them, searching deliberately for insects in low vegetation. Not especially shy but often assesses observers warily from dense cover, pumping tail and giving low churring calls similar to other antbirds. Song is a series of clear, whistled notes on one pitch, with some geographic variation in pace; most common call is a sharp bark, similar to call of Black-faced Antthrush. In dim forest light, male may be confused with Spot-winged Antbird; Black-headed is best distinguished by wing bars (not spots), stockier profile, and vocalizations.
Mussau Monarch
Symposiachrus menckei
A striking pied monarch, mostly white with a black facial crescent, a black ear spot, and black wings spotted with white. Tail black with white outer corners. Prefers primary forest but tolerates scrubby regrowth and garden edges. Most common calls include a variety of scolding, harsh chattering notes.
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