Little Thornbird
Phacellodomus sibilatrix
The smallest thornbird. Plumage dull brown, tinged with cinnamon. Note the small cinnamon forehead patch and outer tail feathers. Found in light woodland and scrub, where it builds a large thorn nest. The song is a series of sharp, slightly descending “cheep” notes.
识别特征
The little thornbird is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long and weighs about 14 to 16 g (0.49 to 0.56 oz). It is the smallest member of its genus. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a wide dull buff-whitish supercilium that extends beyond the eye and an indistinct dull brown stripe behind the eye on an otherwise light brownish face. Their forehead is light rufous with pale streaks, their crown and back dull brown, and their rump and uppertail coverts rufescent-tinged brown. Their wings are mostly shades of brown with darker brown primary coverts and some rufescence. Their tail's central pair of feathers are dull brown, the next pair mostly rufous with a brownish outer third, and the rest bright rufous. Their throat and belly are dingy whitish, their breast slightly darker, and their flanks and undertail coverts whitish with a tawny-brown tinge. Their iris is greenish gray to dark brown, their maxilla black to dark gray, their mandible light horn-gray to gray, and their legs and feet gray to pinkish gray. Juveniles have slightly darker upperparts and slightly grayer underparts than adults.
分类信息
The formal description of the little thornbird is credited to Philip Sclater's 1879 publication. However, a specimen collected by Azara and described in 1817 by Vieillot as Sylvia ruficollis was later determined to be a little thornbird. Sclater's binomial was retained in the interest of long usage and continuity.<p>The little thornbird is monotypic.
- 学名
- Phacellodomus sibilatrix
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1879
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Phacellodomus
分布与栖息地
The little thornbird is found in extreme southern Bolivia's Santa Cruz Department, in western Paraguay, in southwestern Uruguay, and in northern Argentina as far south as Buenos Aires Province. In addition there is at least one record in extreme southwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It inhabits tropical deciduous forest, Gran Chaco woodlands, savannah with scattered trees, and scrublands. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The little thornbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The little thornbird feeds on arthropods. It usually forages in pairs or small groups that may include nest helpers, and occasionally joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It captures prey by gleaning from the ground or from vegetation as high as the forest's mid-storey.<p>The little thornbird breeds in the austral spring and summer, roughly August to February or beyond. It builds a cone-shaped nest of thorny sticks that can be about 40 cm (1 ft) high and lines an interior chamber with shredded vegetation, hair, feathers, and other soft material. It hangs the nest near the end a bush or tree branch, usually in an isolated tree or small cluster of them. The clutch size is usually three and sometimes four eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The little thornbird's song is "a duetted series of sharp, piercing, loud and straight tee tee tees, where one bird goes faster than the other (three notes for two) so the effect is a tee teeter tee teeter teeter tee tee teeter...". Its call is "a sharp 'chip', often repeated".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Gray-backed Thrush
Turdus hortulorum
Brightly colored thrush of well-shaded undergrowth in a variety of habitats, from deep hilly forests to city parks and gardens. Male has clean pale gray upperparts and a bright orange belly, female and immature male replace gray with brown and have dark streaking on the throat and chest. Forages loudly in the undergrowth, usually singly or in pairs; tends not to associate with other thrush species. Often approachable.
Diademed Sandpiper-Plover
Phegornis mitchellii
Unique little shorebird, found very locally in the high Andes on bogs, lakeshores, and gravel bars in rivers and streams. Usually in pairs or family groups; does not mix with other species. Runs and bobs with a nervous gait, and feeds by probing with its weevil-like bill. Flights usually short and low, rather bounding. Despite boldly patterned plumage, it can blend in well with stony substrates. Note black head with a white diadem, a rusty nape, and fine dark barring on underparts.
Flores Sea Cuckoo-Dove
Macropygia macassariensis
A large, long-tailed dove with buff underparts barred from throat to undertail and uniformly earth-brown upperparts. Male shows a brown nape and head, females a pale head and a barred nape. Juvenile like female. Found in forested lowlands and forest edge. A recently described species restricted to a handful of islands in the Flores Sea, and possibly southwest Sulawesi too, where the completely barred underside of Flores Sea Cuckoo-Dove would distinguish it from Sultan’s Cuckoo-Dove. Gives a single-noted, burry “wooooaaa.”
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