Green-bellied Hummingbird
Saucerottia viridigaster
Plain and often confusing hummingbird found along lower to middle slopes of the Andes. Note its limited range in the eastern Andes of Colombia and the Andes of Venezuela. Plumage is mostly green with rusty-brown rump and tail. Its name is deceptive as the belly is typically brown or buff, not green. Similar to Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, but bill is darker and less red, and rump and tail are browner and less rufous. Inhabits forest edge, clearings, and plantations. Birds found in the Tepui region are now considered a separate species, Copper-tailed Hummingbird.
识别特征
The green-bellied hummingbird is 8 to 10.5 cm (3.1 to 4.1 in) long and weighs 4.5 to 6.7 g (0.16 to 0.24 oz). Both sexes of both subspecies have a straight, medium length, blackish bill with a pink to reddish base to the mandible. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a dull golden-green head and back and olive green to brownish rump and uppertail coverts; the last sometimes have a purplish tinge. Their wings are dark purple brown and their tail deep blue to violet blue. Their underparts are a dark shining green becoming grayish brown at the vent. Their undertail coverts are grayish buff with paler edges. Adult females are similar to males with the addition of white fringes on the throat feathers and bronze or brownish edges to the tail feathers. Juveniles resemble females but have grayish brown or brownish gray underparts. Subspecies S. v. iodura has a coppery to purple tail and is otherwise like the nominate.
分类信息
The green-bellied hummingbird was formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the green-bellied hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic systems to the resurrected genus Saucerottia.<p>The green-bellied hummingbird previously was assigned six subspecies. By early 2023 most taxonomic systems had created the copper-tailed hummingbird (S. cupreicauda) containing four of them. They retain the other two subspecies in the green-bellied, the nominate S. v. viridigaster (Bourcier, 1843) and S. v. iodura (Reichenbach, 1854). However, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society does not recognize the copper-tailed hummingbird as a separate species.
- 学名
- Saucerottia viridigaster
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier, 1843)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Saucerottia
分布与栖息地
Subspecies S. v. viridigaster of the green-bellied hummingbird is found in north-central Colombia on the east slope of the Eastern Andes. S. v. iodura is found in the Andes of western Venezuela. The species inhabits a variety of semi-open to open subtropical landscapes including the edges of gallery forest, plantations, scrub- and brushlands, river islands, and low secondary forest. It mostly occurs on the lower to middle slopes of the Andes at elevations between 400 and 1,700 m (1,300 and 5,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The green-bellied hummingbird is basically sedentary but makes local movements to follow the availability of nectar sources.<p>The green-bellied hummingbird's foraging strategy and details of its diet are not well documented. It is known to take nectar from the flowers of Quararibea, Inga, and Erythrina and has been photographed feeding at many other plants. It has been observed in large groups at flowering trees. In addition to necatar it feeds on small arthropods.<p>The green-bellied hummingbird's breeding season appears to span at least from October to January. The one known nest was a cup made of buffy seed down with bits of lichen on the outside and sited on a horizontal tree branch. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology. <p>The green-bellied hummingbird's song has been variously described as " a short dainty phrase which is repeated several times...tee-tee-dji-dji or tee-dji-tee-dji" and also as "a waif-like ta-da titi-da". Calls include a "short high-pitched buzzy note...tzree..tzree..tzree..." and a "fast stuttered descending series...TSEe-tsee-tsi-tsi-ti-ti".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-bellied Robin-Chat
Cossyphicula roberti
Small, fairly plain brown-and-orange robin with a pale belly. Like a typical robin-chat, the tail has a dark center and orange sides. Found in middle-elevation montane forest, in the understory and mid-story. The song is a frantic-sounding, high-pitched, up-and-down twittering series. Similar to akalats, but separated by the black-and-orange tail pattern. Also similar to Mountain Robin-Chat, but separated by smaller size and white belly.
Violet-capped Woodnymph
Thalurania glaucopis
Common hummingbird of both montane and lowland forests and woodlands. Also visits feeders and gardens. Males have a metallic green body, dark wings, a long deeply forked blue tail and a violet crown. Females have a green crown and are pale gray below with a shorter tail.
Cape Barren Goose
Cereopsis novaehollandiae
Very large, heavy-set pale gray goose found across parts of coastal southern Australia. Note pale yellow and slightly drooping bill. Mostly seen as pairs or loose flocks scattered around coastal wetlands, salt marshes, and grassy pasture areas.
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