Cream-colored Woodpecker
Celeus flavus
Distinctive yellow woodpecker of lowland Amazonia. Bright creamy yellow overall with short creamy crest, brown wings and tail, and yellow bill; male has red moustache Usually found in seasonally flooded and swampy forested areas, but can be found outside those habitats occasionally in other forested areas. Listen for a loud, descending series of whistles: “PEE-pee-pee-peer.”
识别特征
The cream-colored woodpecker is about 24 to 27 cm (9.4 to 11 in) long. The nominate subspecies weighs 95 to 131 g (3.4 to 4.6 oz) and C.f. subflavus about 200 g (7.1 oz). All of the subspecies are mostly yellowish with a long crest and a black tail. The "yellowish" varies among individuals from pale creamy yellow to sulfur-yellow and occasionally is cinnamon-white. Adult males have a bright red malar stripe; females have no red. The adult's bill is yellowish, their iris red or red-brown, and their legs dark gray to green-gray. Juveniles resemble adults but are usually buffier or tending to cinnamon-buff.<p>The subspecies differ chiefly in size and the color of their wings. The nominate's flight feathers are brown with much rufous-chestnut and also black tertials. Its wing coverts are usually brown or rufous-brown. Subspecies C.f. peruvianus is slightly larger than the nominate, and its flight feathers replace most of the rufous with brown. Subspecies C.f. tectricialis is about the same size as the nominate, with mostly brown wing coverts and much less rufous in the flight feathers. Subspecies C.f. subflavus is the largest. Much of its body plumage has wide brown bases, its wing coverts have much yellowish, and its flight feathers have no rufous.
分类信息
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) assigns two subspecies to the cream-colored woodpecker, the nominate C. f. flavus (Statius Muller, 1776) and C.f. subflavus (Sclater, P.L. & Salvin, 1877). Until 2014 the IOC had included two more subspecies, C.f. peruvianus (Cory, 1919) and C.f. tectricialis (Hellmayr, 1922) but that year merged them into the nominate. As of early 2023 the Clements taxonomy and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World retain all four subspecies.<p>The subspecies "intergrade extensively, producing numerous intermediates, and in much of range many individuals [are] impossible to assign to a particular race; geographical limits given are therefore somewhat arbitrary." Because the four subspecies do on average have plumage differences, this article follows the four-subspecies model where data for each exist.
- 学名
- Celeus flavus
- 命名信息
- (Müller, PLS, 1776)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Celeus
分布与栖息地
The four subspecies of the cream-colored woodpecker are distributed thus:<p>The cream-colored woodpecker inhabits a variety of humid forest landscapes, often near water. These include the interior and edges of rainforest, várzea, and swamp forest. It occurs less frequently in gallery forest, magroves, deciduous and open woodland, and secondary forest. It also occurs in human-altered landscapes such as cacao plantations. In elevation it is mostly found below 400 m (1,300 ft) but does range up to 700 m (2,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The cream-colored woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The cream-colored woodpecker's primary diet is ants and termites, and includes lesser but still significant amounts of fruits and seeds. It generally forages at the forest's lower to middle level but will feed in the canopy and on the ground. It sometimes feeds alone but usually feeds in pairs or small groups. It captures much of its ant and termite prey by breaking into their arboreal nests.<p>The cream-colored woodpecker's breeding season apparently varies geographically but has not been fully defined. It nests between April and June in Colombia and maybe earlier in Venezuela; in Suriname the season includes February. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The cream-colored woodpecker makes "a high-pitched laugh, 'wutchuk kee-hoo-hoo-hoo'", also described as "pueer, pueer, purr, paw". Other calls include "kiu-kiu-kiu-kiu" and "whéejah"; the latter is used in encounters with others of its species and may be repeated.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Brubru
Nilaus afer
A small, mostly black-and-white bushshrike with a pale wing stripe and a checkered back. In most races a strong chestnut stripe runs from the shoulders to the flanks, but in some races it is absent. Females are less boldly marked than males. Pairs frequently join mixed-species flocks in arid savanna and broadleaf woodland, where they acrobatically glean for invertebrates. The species’ distinctive main call is remarkably telephone-like, a ringing burry “preeeeee” with some associated clicks and whistles.
Long-tailed Rosefinch
Carpodacus sibiricus
Large, plump finch of the boreal forest. Adult males are pink overall with two white wingbars and pale gray highlights. Immature males and females are not so bright but still subtly pretty; gray body with olive, yellow, or burnt-orange head and rump. Stubby bill with rounded edges. Song consists of rich, mellow warbles; listen for musical flight calls. Breeds in open coniferous forests. Winters in a variety of wooded habitats, especially around fruiting trees including crabapple and mountain ash. Often extremely tame, allowing close approach.
Bicolored Mouse-Warbler
Aethomyias nigrorufus
A rare, small bird of mid-montane forest understory. As the name suggests, just 2 colors. Blackish upperparts and rufous underparts. Moves in small groups, foraging for insects on the forest floor. Similar to Rusty Mouse-Warbler, but Bicolored is usually found higher and has a rufous rather than white throat. Call, an excited chattering. Song, a series of clear, whistled notes, either ascending or descending.
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