Caatinga Cacholote
Pseudoseisura cristata
Unmistakable. Large ovenbird with uniform cinnamon plumage, bushy crest, and yellow eyes. Occurs in dry forests (caatinga) and scrub, often near human habitations. Mostly forages on the ground. Builds a large thorny stick nest. Sings in a duet: the male emits an accelerating series which finishes in a rattle, and the female gives continuous buzzy “zjeep” notes.
识别特征
The Caatinga cacholote is 25 to 26 cm (9.8 to 10 in) long. It is a large, crested, furnariid with a long bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults are mostly bright reddish-rufous that is somewhat paler on their underparts. Their flight feathers have fuscous tips and the ends of the tail feathers lack barbs. Their iris is yellow. Juveniles have a shorter crest than adults, with some dusky streaks or bars on the face and underparts and a bluish gray iris.
分类信息
The Caatinga cacholote is monotypic. However, what is now the grey-crested cacholote (P. unirufa) was previously considered a subspecies of it. The two-subspecies P. cristata was then called the rufous cacholote. The two taxa were split following the data in a paper published in 2000. Confusingly, and contrary to the suggestion of the 2000 paper's authors, the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy call P. unirufa the rufous cacholote.
- 学名
- Pseudoseisura cristata
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1824)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Pseudoseisura
分布与栖息地
The Caatinga cacholote is found in eastern Brazil in an area bounded roughly by eastern Maranhão, Paraíba, and central Minas Gerais. It inhabits the woodlands and scrub of the Caatinga biome and also tropical deciduous forest. Away from areas of dense human population it is common around dwellings. In elevation it ranges from 50 to 500 m (160 to 1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Caatinga cacholote is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Caatinga cacholote feeds on arthropods and plant material. It usually forages in pairs and usually on the ground, where it probes and digs for its prey.<p>The Caatinga cacholote's breeding season has not been defined. Though the species is believed to be mostly monogamous, several observations of breeding pairs included up to four apparent adults, all of whom provisioned nestlings. It is not known if the helpers are related or not to the primary pair. Its nest is a mass of thorny sticks that is typically twice as long as it is wide, placed in a tree fork or on a utility pole. An entrance tunnel near its top leads to an inner chamber lined with pieces of bark and snake skin. One nest in Ceará incorporated a large number of anthropogenic materials including razor blades, a fork, plastic items and fragments, paper, and barbed wire. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and further details of parental care are not known.<p>The Caatinga cacholote typically sings in duet. One bird, thought to be the male, "gives a long series of well-spaced, very loud, piercing 'tjew' notes". The presumed female replies with "a series of 15–35 well-spaced buzzy 'zjeep' notes". The species' call is "a single 'chuk' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Sylviparus modestus
Plain yellowish bird with a weak crest and pale brow; doesn’t look like any other tit. Darker above than below, but largely lacks eye-catching physical features. Often joins mixed-species flocks in small groups. Inhabits montane evergreen forests, where it sticks to the middle and upper levels of the vegetation. Calls are high and thin with a lisping quality; song is a series of one constantly repeated note.
Hawaiian Duck
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Gactornis enarratus
Beautifully patterned cryptic nightjar. Found mainly inside of eastern and northern Madagascar rainforest, though very locally in dry forest. Most often seen when located by local guides, sleeping on the forest floor during the day, usually below a pandanus. Apparently completely silent, which is bizarre for a member of the nightjar family. When perched, distinguished from Madagascar Nightjar by its rufous collar; in flight, by its lack of white in the wings.
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