Black-throated Spinetail
Synallaxis castanea
Bright rufous bird with a long, spiky tail and black lores and throat. Sexes similar; juvenile lacks black throat. Mostly in pairs or family groups low to the ground. Fairly common in higher cloud forests, mostly in bamboo patches along roads or forest edges. Very vocal and easy to hear, a two to six note “kik, kik, kik-kik kik,” ascending and building in volume, often given repetitively for long periods. No similar species in range. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.
识别特征
The black-throated spinetail is 16 to 18 cm (6.3 to 7.1 in) long. It is one of the larger members of genus Synallaxis. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults are mostly bright rufescent. They do have a paler chin and the eponymous solid black throat. Their iris is dark reddish brown, their bill blackish, and their legs and feet blue-gray. Juveniles are duller and browner than adults, with a dull and indistinct throat patch and faint dusky markings on the head and underparts.
分类信息
For a period in the mid twentieth century the black-throated spinetail was treated as a subspecies of the rufous spinetail (S. unirufa); they are now known to be sister species. The two of them and the rusty-headed spinetail (S. fuscorufa) have been treated by some authors as a single species.<p>The black-throated spinetail is monotypic.
- 学名
- Synallaxis castanea
- 命名信息
- Sclater, PL, 1856
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The black-throated spinetail is found only in the Venezuelan Coastal Range from Aragua east to the vicinity of Caracas in Miranda. It inhabits montane evergreen forest, secondary forest, and the undergrowth and edges of cloudforest. It is often seen along brushy roadsides and occasionally in stands of Chusquea bamboo. In elevation it ranges between 1,300 and 2,200 m (4,300 and 7,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-throated spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The black-throated spinetail's diet is not known in detail but is assumed to be mostly arthropods. It usually forages in pairs and is thought to glean prey from foliage and small branches up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground.<p>The black-throated spinetail breeds between April and July. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The black-throated spinetail's song is "a rapid 'ke-che-che-che-che-che' followed immediately by louder 'ker-chéé-chéé' " and is often sung in duet. Its call is "a loud 'ki-kík' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Plush-crested Jay
Cyanocorax chrysops
Large and striking dark blue jay found in various forest and woodlands types where it is often encountered in noisy groups of up to a dozen or so. Note the odd, rounded black crest, black head and breast that contrasts with yellow eyes and a bright blue eyebrow and nape. The lower belly and the lower half of the tail are white while the upperparts are dark blue.
White-necked Laughingthrush
Garrulax strepitans
Brown with a russet crown, black face and throat, and a small white patch on the upper neck. Looks like a darker-headed version of the similar Gray Laughingthrush. Gives the namesake maniacal laugh of its family as it moves around in flocks. Forages in the undergrowth of foothill and upper-elevation broadleaved forest.
Tenggara Whistler
Pachycephala calliope
Medium-sized songbird, endemic to the Lesser Sundas and far eastern Java. Throughout much of range, the typical Golden-type Whistler: brightly-colored males have a striking black-and-white head and flashy yellow collar, breast, and belly, while considerably duller females are brownish overall with paler underparts, whitish throat, and yellow vent. Like other Pacycephala whistlers, a forest species, often seen gleaning insects from the foliage, or heard giving its loud, vibrant, rising song. Also gives a rising “weet” call.
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