Gray Warbler-Finch

The smallest hornero. Plumage rusty overall with a white eyebrow, a gray crown,  and a white throat. Note the gray legs. Found in scrub on river islands and occasionally in human-modified habitats near major rivers. Forages walking on the ground, especially at the water’s edge. The song is a series of fast staccato “kee” notes, usually given in duet. Other horneros with overlapping distributions have longer and louder songs.

Medium-sized blackbird with a long, thin bill that is found in marshes and reedbeds. Males are all black, whereas females are highly variable across their range. Northern females from Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, and French Guiana are mostly black with an olive belly. Those from southeast Brazil are dark brownish olive above and dark yellow below. Those from central-southern South America are brown above with black streaks, a faint yellow eyebrow, and yellow underparts. The song is a rattle followed by a series of trills.

A large black-and-white fiscal with a long tail. Note the small white patch at the front of the wing and the white rump, both of which are conspicuous in flight. Males have plain white underparts, while females have a small chestnut patch on the sides. Found in savanna, woodland, and scrub, almost always in small groups of 4-10 individuals. Similar in overall coloration to other fiscals in its range, but easily separated by its larger size. The vocalizations are sliding, metallic-sounding whistles as well as rasps, usually given in chorus by a whole group.