Perija Starfrontlet
Coeligena consita
Large, long-billed hummingbird found only in the Perijá Mountains along the border between Colombia and Venezuela. It is the only hummer in its limited range with buffy wing patches. Male has a golden belly, blue throat patch, and glittering green forehead. Female lacks those features but has a buffy throat. Formerly treated as a subspecies of Golden-bellied Starfrontlet. Inhabits cloud forest at high elevations, and often seen probing long, tubular flowers.
识别特征
The Perija starfrontlet is about 11 cm (4.3 in) long including its 3.0 cm (1.2 in) bill. Adult males have a blackish crown, a glittering green forehead, and a small white spot behind the eye. Their upper back is shining dark green that transitions through greenish copper to the golden orange rump. The throat and breast are glittering green and the throat has a small deep blue patch. The rest of the underparts are variable, from glittering copper to reddish gold. The wings are dark with a rufous patch on the tertials. The slightly forked tail is golden bronzy green. The adult female's forehead is plain green and the postocular spot white to buffy orange; the rest of the upperparts are colored like the male's but are duller. The throat is buff and has green spots on its sides. The breast is mottled buff and green. The rest of the underparts are mostly cinnamon with a fiery gold belly and a coppery gold vent area. Juveniles resemble adult females.
分类信息
The Perija starfrontlet and most other members of genus Coeligena were at one time placed in genus Helianthea but have been in their current placement since the mid-1900s. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognize the Perija starfrontlet as a monotypic species. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC) considers it to be a subspecies of the golden-bellied starfrontlet (C. bonapartei) but is seeking a proposal to elevate it to species status.
- 学名
- Coeligena consita
- 命名信息
- Wetmore & Phelps, WH Jr, 1952
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Coeligena
分布与栖息地
The Perija starfrontlet is found in the Serranía del Perijá that straddles the border between northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid forest, elfin forest, and some higher elevation open areas. In elevation it ranges from 1,400 to 3,200 m (4,600 to 10,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Perija starfrontlet is a permant resident.<p>The Perija starfrontlet gathers nectar from tubular flowers, usually of low to medium height. It has been recorded feeding from plants of genera Bomarea, Cavendishia, Fuchsia, Macleonia, Mutisia, and Palicourea. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small arthropods by gleaning from foliage, hovering, and by hawking.<p>Nothing is known about the Perija starfrontlet's breeding biology.<p>As of early 2023 neither xeno-canto nor the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had any recordings of the Perija starfrontlet's vocalizations.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Fiscal Flycatcher
Sigelus silens
A large pied flycatcher that is most commonly mistaken for Southern Fiscal. However, the upright stance and slender unhooked bill are distinctive flycatcher traits, and the pattern of white in the flight feathers and basal windows of the tail is diagnostic. The female is duller than the male. Singles and pairs frequent a variety of open country habitats, including gardens, parks, shrubland, and woodland, where they perch conspicuously and hawk insect prey from the ground or aerially. The species is mostly silent but occasionally it utters a thin high-pitched song. The similar Southern Fiscal is more robust than the Fiscal Flycatcher, with a chunky hook-tipped bill, a white V-pattern on the shoulders, and a long tail with white outer feathers.
Red-legged Tinamou
Crypturellus erythropus
Shy, fowl-like bird of open forest and scrubby areas; heard far more often than seen. Best identified by habitat and voice. Red legs are diagnostic. Forages alone or in pairs on ground in scrubby forests on sandy soils, walking slowly to pick up fruit, seeds and insects; does not gather in flocks. Haunting song is a slow, rising series of 2–3 notes; it is similar to that of Undulated Tinamou but typically has fewer notes and lacks a strongly upslurred final note.
Racket-tipped Thorntail
Discosura longicaudus
Tiny hummingbird. Male mostly green with contrasting white belly; female green above and whitish below, speckled with green on throat and breast. Both sexes show buffy rump band. Males usually appear dark but are easily identified by small size and long, modified outer tail feathers; females told from other coquettes in range by speckled throat without buff tones. Rarely encountered. Found around flowering trees in rainforest and perhaps most readily seen along rivers. Local populations may fluctuate in abundance from one season to another. Like other coquettes, has fast, weaving flight reminiscent of a large insect, which may help it evade detection by larger hummingbirds whose territories it infiltrates to feed on nectar.
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