Great Crested Grebe
Podiceps cristatus
Fairly common on lakes, reservoirs, and along larger rivers, mainly with bordering reeds where it builds a floating nest platform. In winter sometimes seen on inshore ocean waters (mainly in freezing weather). Breeding pairs are territorial, but flocks form in winter. Large, elegant, and long-necked grebe. Breeding plumage has beautiful tawny cheeks and black crests (often held flat). In nonbreeding plumage, face and neck bright white with dark line through eye.
识别特征
The great crested grebe is the largest member of the grebe family found in the Old World, with some larger species residing in the Americas. They measure 46–51 cm (18–20 in) long with a 59–73 cm (23–29 in) wingspan and weigh 0.9 to 1.5 kg (2.0 to 3.3 lb). It is an excellent swimmer and diver, and pursues its fish prey underwater. The adults are unmistakable in summer with head and neck decorations. In winter, this is whiter than most grebes, with white above the eye, and a pink bill.<p>The call is a loud barking rah-rah-rah. They can also produce a clicking kek call, and deep growls.<p>Juveniles are recognisable by their plumage, with their heads featuring alternating black and white stripes. They lose these markings when they become adults.
分类信息
The great crested grebe was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Colymbus cristatus. It is now the type species of the genus Podiceps that was erected by the English naturalist John Latham in 1787. The type locality is Sweden. The scientific name comes from Latin: the genus name Podiceps is from podicis, "vent" and pes, "foot", and is a reference to the placement of a grebe's legs towards the rear of its body; the specific name, cristatus, means "crested".<p>Three subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Podiceps cristatus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Podicipediformes
- 科
- Podicipedidae
- 属
- Podiceps
分布与栖息地
The great crested grebe breeds in vegetated areas of freshwater lakes. The subspecies P. c. cristatus is found across Europe and east across the Palearctic. It is resident in the milder west of its range, but migrates from the colder regions. It winters on freshwater lakes and reservoirs or the coast. The African subspecies P. c. infuscatus and the Australasian subspecies P. c. australis are mainly sedentary.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The great crested grebe has an elaborate mating display. Like all grebes, it nests on the water's edge. The nest is built by both sexes. The clutch averages four chalky-white eggs which average 54 mm × 37 mm (2.1 in × 1.5 in) in size and 42 g (1.5 oz) in weight. Incubation is by both parents and begins as soon as the first egg is laid. The eggs hatch asynchronously after 27 to 29 days. The precocial young are cared for and fed by both parents.<p>Young grebes are capable of swimming and diving almost at hatching. The adults teach these skills to their young by carrying them on their back and diving, leaving the chicks to float on the surface; they then re-emerge a few feet away so that the chicks may swim back onto them.<p>The great crested grebe feeds mainly on fish, but also small crustaceans, insects, small frogs and newts.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ceara Woodcreeper
Xiphorhynchus atlanticus
Small, slim woodcreeper with a thin slightly decurved bill. Found in humid forests, where it regularly follows mixed-species flocks. The rufous-brown body is heavily marked with drop-shaped spots on the breast, head, and back. Separated from Lesser Woodcreeper by range, blurry streaks on belly, and olive-yellow eyering, eyestripe, and throat.
Dusky Parrot
Pionus fuscus
Medium-sized, stocky rainforest parrot. Can appear mostly black even at fairly close range. Tends to occur as single birds or pairs rather than large groups. Flight style distinctive; birds appear to keep wings below the horizontal, rolling from side to side. Usually first detected flying overhead; descends rapidly and silently into forests to feed on fruit and flowers in the canopy. In flight, confusion is possible with Blue-headed Parrot, but Dusky has different flight style with shallower wingbeats and different calls.
White-banded Tyrannulet
Mecocerculus stictopterus
A small, pale, and active tyrannulet. No bright colors; look for a very thick white eyebrow, gleaming white wingbars, a medium-gray crown, and a brown back. Tends to perch horizontally, often with its relatively long tail held level or slightly up. Flits actively, usually in the canopy or subcanopy, often part of a mixed-species flock. Occurs in subtropical and temperate forest and edges in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia, from around 2,300 to 3,300 m. Similar to White-tailed Tyrannulet but larger and found at higher elevations; also note White-tailed’s narrower white eyebrow, off-white wingbars, and generally duller plumage than White-banded. Listen for its scratchy rising calls.
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