Red-legged Honeycreeper
Cyanerpes cyaneus
Small, warbler-like tanager of tropical lowlands. Favors forest edge, woodland, and semi-open areas with taller trees. Often occurs in small groups, sometimes larger flocks, usually in the canopy of flowering trees, where it probes for nectar with its long bill. Red legs are bright on male, dullest on young birds. Male is blue in breeding plumage, with a turquoise cap; female and non-breeding male are greenish overall with faint streaking on the chest. In flight, the underside of the wings flash bright sulphur-yellow.
识别特征
The red-legged honeycreeper is on average 12.2 cm (4.8 in) long, weighs 14 g (0.49 oz) and has a medium-long black, slightly decurved, bill. The male is violet-blue with black wings, tail and back, and bright red legs. The crown of its head is turquoise, and the underwing, visible only in flight, is lemon yellow. After the breeding season, the male moults into an eclipse plumage, mainly greenish with black wings.<p>Females and immatures are mainly green, with paler, faintly streaked underparts. The legs are red-brown in the female, and brown in young birds.<p>The call of red-legged honeycreeper is a thin, high-pitched tsip.<p>Several subspecies are known. Differences are generally slight, with the Tobago race C. c. tobagensis being slightly larger than the mainland forms for example.<p>The purplish honeycreeper (Chlorophanes purpurascens), a bird from Venezuela known only from the type specimen, is considered to be an intergeneric hybrid between the green honeycreeper and either the red-legged honeycreeper or the blue dacnis.
分类信息
The red-legged honeycreeper was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Certhia cyanea. Linnaeus based his description on "The Black and Blue Creeper" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the English naturalist George Edwards from a specimen collected in Suriname. The red-legged honeycreeper is now placed in the genus Cyanerpes that was introduced in 1899 by the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser. The specific epithet cyaneus is a Latin word meaning "dark-blue".<p>Eleven subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Cyanerpes cyaneus
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1766)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thraupidae
- 属
- Cyanerpes
分布与栖息地
This is a species of forest edge, open woodland, and cocoa and citrus plantations. The red-legged honeycreeper is often found in small groups. It feeds on insects and some seeds, fruit and nectar. It responds readily to the (easily imitated) call of the ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium brasilianum).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
In Costa Rica red-legged honeycreepers generally breed between April and June. The nest is built entirely by the female and is placed in a shrub or tree several meters above the ground. The cup-shaped nest has thin side walls and is formed of stiff fibres. It is attached to the supporting twigs with cobwebs. The clutch consists of two eggs that are laid in early morning on consecutive days. They are 13.4 mm × 19.1 mm (0.53 in × 0.75 in) in size and have a white background with brown speckles forming a ring around the larger end. The female incubates the eggs for 12 or 13 days. When they first hatch the nestlings have their eyes closed and are covered with tuffs of grey down. They are brooded by the female but fed by both parents. They fledge after around 14 days.<p>A specimen studied in the Parque Nacional de La Macarena of Colombia was found to be free of blood parasites.<p>Common and widespread, the red-legged honeycreeper is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Lewin's Honeyeater
Meliphaga lewinii
A medium-sized olive-gray honeyeater with a pale yellow cheek patch and a relatively stout bill. Cheek patch is often a crescent compared to the circular patch on Graceful Honeyeater and the oval path on Yellow-spotted Honeyeater. Adults have a bluish eye, while the similar Graceful Honeyeater has a blue-gray eye and Yellow-spotted Honeyeater has a brown eye. Listen for the rapid staccato machine-gun call of Lewin’s compared to the loud repeated whistles of the Yellow-spotted Honeyeater and the more simple, single note call of Graceful Honeyeater. Of the three easily confusable species, this is the only one found away from the tropics; it occurs in wetter forests and gardens all along the eastern coast of Australia.
Bar-winged Wood-Wren
Henicorhina leucoptera
Well-named wren found only in stunted cloud forest in the eastern Andes of northern Peru and border regions of southeastern Ecuador. Small, with a short tail and a striped face. Very similar to Gray-breasted Wood-Wren, but has distinct wingbars and a richer, slightly lower-pitched song. Both species occur almost side-by-side at some locations. Usually encountered in pairs that hop and flit around in the forest understory.
Chusquea Tapaculo
Scytalopus parkeri
Drab, mouse-like bird found in high-elevation cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes in southern Ecuador and far northern Peru. Plumage is gray with brown on lower back, wings, vent, and tail. If seen well, it may show faint barring on rump and vent. Similar to several other tapaculos, and best identified by range, elevation, and voice. Stays near the ground in the forest understory, and favors areas with stands of bamboo. Usual song is a very fast series of tripled notes.
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