Bronzy Jacamar
Galbula leucogastra
Small, active, and locally distributed. Key field mark is overall bronzy color, which is evident in good light but hard to see otherwise. Found in low-stature forest and scrub on sandy soils. Small groups spend much time perched on bare branches, sallying for flying insects and returning to perches to eat them. Confusion is possible with Green-tailed Jacamar, but Bronzy is smaller, shorter-tailed, and lacks obvious green in plumage. Vocalizations include a distinctive, stuttering, rising series of notes.
识别特征
The bronzy jacamar is 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 15 to 18 g (0.53 to 0.63 oz). The male's crown and face are dark metallic greenish blue. The rest of the upper parts and the breast are metallic bronzy green and sometimes have a slight purple gloss. It has a black chin and white throat and belly; the latter appears speckled with black. The female differs by having the sides of the face dark gray and the throat and belly buff or yellowish.
分类信息
The bronzy jacamar is monotypic. It and purplish jacamar (Galbula chalcothorax) were formerly considered conspecific; they now form a superspecies. Birds in eastern Brazil along the Tapajós River were suggested as a subspecies but were not accepted as such. In addition, the species is thought to have hybridized with green-tailed jacamar (G. galbula) in Suriname.
- 学名
- Galbula leucogastra
- 命名信息
- Vieillot, 1817
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Galbulidae
- 属
- Galbula
分布与栖息地
According to a 2016 map, the bronzy jacamar is found in southern Venezuela, far eastern Colombia, much of west-central Brazil, far northern Bolovia, and far southeastern Peru. However, there are eBird reports across southern Colombia and one in Ecuador since then that have not been further evaluated.<p>The bronzy jacamar is found in a wide variety of habitats. Cornell University's Birds of the World describes them as "Edges and clearings of primary and secondary terra firme and várzea (igapó) forests, white-sand campinarana in Amazonia, wooded savannas and (at least in coastal French Guiana) marshes scattered with woodlots, regularly along streams and rivers in lowlands; locally to 900 m [2950 ft]. Occurs locally in gallery forest, dry forest and cerrado in Brazil, where it occupies light undergrowth and open lower canopies."
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bronzy jacamar's diet includes a wide variety of flying insects, but "perhaps fewer Lepidoptera or Odonata than do other Galbula species." It perches on exposed branches by itself or in small groups, typically between 2 and 10 m (6.6 and 32.8 ft) high, and sallies out to catch its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>Three bronzy jacamar nests have been described. Two of them were in arboreal termite nests and the third was in a epiphytic bromeliad on a tree trunk. At one in a termite nest both adults fed the nestling; at the bromeliad nest the female fed the nestlings.<p>The bronzy jacamar apparently has two songs. One is "ascending and accelerating whistling notes" that end with a trill [1]. The other is described as "weeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee" [2]. A call is [3].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Striated Grassbird
Megalurus palustris
Streaky brown bird of fields, scrubby edge, and dense thickets. This large but retiring warbler is most often seen as a flash of chestnut rump and long, trailing tail as it flushes from close proximity. Occasionally perches out into the open, sometimes even on telephone lines. Warm brown with black streaking all over; size, shape, and habitat distinguish this species from similarly-colored cisticolas, prinias, and babblers. Song usually starts off with a few sharp introductory notes, then descends into jumbled, rich warbling. Gives “piht” calls, often repetitively.
Sapphire Quail-Dove
Geotrygon saphirina
Stunning dove found in humid rainforest in lowlands and foothills. Notable features include a chestnut back, pale belly, golden neck patches, and a striking head pattern. Might be confused with the duller Violaceous Quail-Dove in dark forest, where color is not easy to discern; note the bold face pattern on Sapphire Quail-Dove. Usually encountered alone, quietly walking along the forest floor. May ascend to a low perch when flushed or when it sings—a soft, stuttered whistle repeated every few seconds.
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper
Glyphorynchus spirurus
Very small woodcreeper of evergreen forest in humid tropical lowlands and foothills. Creeps up trunks, often in spirals, picking at the bark for food, then flies low to another tree before hitching upwards again. Forages on fairly large trunks as well as slender trees. Often travels with mixed-species feeding flocks. Note the short, wedge-shaped bill and pale buffy breast spotting.
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