Bronzy Jacamar
Galbula leucogastra
Small, active, and locally distributed. Key field mark is overall bronzy color, which is evident in good light but hard to see otherwise. Found in low-stature forest and scrub on sandy soils. Small groups spend much time perched on bare branches, sallying for flying insects and returning to perches to eat them. Confusion is possible with Green-tailed Jacamar, but Bronzy is smaller, shorter-tailed, and lacks obvious green in plumage. Vocalizations include a distinctive, stuttering, rising series of notes.
识别特征
The bronzy jacamar is 19 to 22 cm (7.5 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 15 to 18 g (0.53 to 0.63 oz). The male's crown and face are dark metallic greenish blue. The rest of the upper parts and the breast are metallic bronzy green and sometimes have a slight purple gloss. It has a black chin and white throat and belly; the latter appears speckled with black. The female differs by having the sides of the face dark gray and the throat and belly buff or yellowish.
分类信息
The bronzy jacamar is monotypic. It and purplish jacamar (Galbula chalcothorax) were formerly considered conspecific; they now form a superspecies. Birds in eastern Brazil along the Tapajós River were suggested as a subspecies but were not accepted as such. In addition, the species is thought to have hybridized with green-tailed jacamar (G. galbula) in Suriname.
- 学名
- Galbula leucogastra
- 命名信息
- Vieillot, 1817
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Galbulidae
- 属
- Galbula
分布与栖息地
According to a 2016 map, the bronzy jacamar is found in southern Venezuela, far eastern Colombia, much of west-central Brazil, far northern Bolovia, and far southeastern Peru. However, there are eBird reports across southern Colombia and one in Ecuador since then that have not been further evaluated.<p>The bronzy jacamar is found in a wide variety of habitats. Cornell University's Birds of the World describes them as "Edges and clearings of primary and secondary terra firme and várzea (igapó) forests, white-sand campinarana in Amazonia, wooded savannas and (at least in coastal French Guiana) marshes scattered with woodlots, regularly along streams and rivers in lowlands; locally to 900 m [2950 ft]. Occurs locally in gallery forest, dry forest and cerrado in Brazil, where it occupies light undergrowth and open lower canopies."
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The bronzy jacamar's diet includes a wide variety of flying insects, but "perhaps fewer Lepidoptera or Odonata than do other Galbula species." It perches on exposed branches by itself or in small groups, typically between 2 and 10 m (6.6 and 32.8 ft) high, and sallies out to catch its prey. It sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks.<p>Three bronzy jacamar nests have been described. Two of them were in arboreal termite nests and the third was in a epiphytic bromeliad on a tree trunk. At one in a termite nest both adults fed the nestling; at the bromeliad nest the female fed the nestlings.<p>The bronzy jacamar apparently has two songs. One is "ascending and accelerating whistling notes" that end with a trill [1]. The other is described as "weeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee, weep-pip-pweeeeee" [2]. A call is [3].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cryptic Honeyeater
Meliphaga imitatrix
A small olive-gray honeyeater with a circular pale yellow cheek patch and a relatively fine bill. Can be confused with Lewin’s Honeyeater and Yellow-spotted Honeyeater, but note the shape of the cheek patch: crescent-shaped on Lewin’s Honeyeater and oval on Yellow-spotted Honeyeater. Adults also have a blue-gray eye while Lewin’s has a bluish eye and Yellow-spotted has a brown eye. Voice is a key ID feature—often a single short note rather than the loud repeated whistle of Yellow-spotted or the rapid staccato machine-gun call of Lewin’s. One of three easily confusable species found in far northern Queensland. Common in many wetter lowland habitats in wetter parts of northern Queensland. Formerly considered conspecific with Graceful Honeyeater, but no overlap in range.
Tawny-crowned Greenlet
Tunchiornis ochraceiceps
Small, often rather active little bird of shady forest understory in humid tropical lowlands; often in areas with understory palms. Usually in pairs at middle levels moving with mixed-species flocks that often include Golden-crowned Warbler and Red-crowned Ant-Tanager. Rather drab brownish overall with tawny bushy crest, paler gray face and throat, and piercing pale eye (can be hard to see in the shade). Often gives a twangy, nasal “dwoi-dwoi-dwoi” call and a high, insectlike, whining whistle.
Rufous-banded Miner
Geositta rufipennis
Commonest miner in the mountains of central Chile and adjacent Argentina. Favors open rocky areas, bogs, and roadsides. Often seen in pairs, walking with waddling gait and pumping its tail like most miners. At times found with flocks of sierra-finches and other seed-eating birds. Rather compact and dumpy. Best identified by broad pale eyebrow and warm peachy wash on flanks. In flight note the bright rusty band in the wings and on the base of the tail. Loud buzzy song given from prominent rock and in flight.
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