Gray-chinned Minivet
Pericrocotus solaris
Small, slim, long-tailed songbird of montane forests, usually vocal, active, and encountered in large flocks. Males have a bright orange belly, a comma-shaped slash on the wing, and a gray head and back. Females are similarly patterned, but have paler upperparts and white throat, with the male's orange replaced by yellow. Female resembles female Long-tailed Minivet, which has yellow forehead patch, lacking in Gray-chinned. Birds in Borneo, Sumatra, and the southern Malay Peninsula average darker-headed than populations elsewhere. Most calls are soft, high, and sibilant, given in flight.
识别特征
The grey-chinned minivet is 17–19 cm (6.7–7.5 in) long and weighs 11–17 g (0.39–0.60 oz). It is sexually dimorphic. The adult male has a dark grey head and mantle, a pale grey chin, an orange-yellow throat and blackish wings. The underparts, lower back and tips of the greater coverts are orange. In the female, these parts are bright yellow instead. The eyes, beak and legs are black. The immature bird is similar to the female but has yellow-olive bars on its back.
分类信息
This species was described from Darjeeling by Edward Blyth in 1846. The IOC World Bird List recognises eight subspecies: Pericrocotus solaris solaris found in the Himalayas and northern and western Myanmar; P. s. rubrolimbatus in eastern Myanmar and northern Thailand; P. s. montpellieri in southern China; P. s. griseogularis in southeastern China, Taiwan, northeastern Laos and northern Vietnam; P. s. deignani in southern Laos and central Vietnam; P. s. nassovicus in eastern Thailand and southern Cambodia; P. s. montanus in western Malaysia and Sumatra; and P. s. cinereigula in Borneo. The Handbook of the Birds of the World considers that montanus and cinereigula form a separate species.
- 学名
- Pericrocotus solaris
- 命名信息
- Blyth, 1846
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Campephagidae
- 属
- Pericrocotus
分布与栖息地
This species ranges from the eastern foothills of the Himalayas through northeastern India, southern China, mainland Southeast Asia to Sumatra and Borneo. Its habitat is montane forest about 1,000–2,000 m (3,300–6,600 ft) in elevation. In Taiwan, it has been recorded down to 150 m (490 ft). It lives in the canopy of broadleaf forest and also coniferous forest, elfin forest, secondary forest, forest edges and gardens with trees. It is thought that all 12 of the minivet species adaptively radiated in mainland Asia and later dispersed to the Indonesian archipelago.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
When not breeding, this minivet forms small parties with fewer than 15 individuals and also large flocks of dozens of birds; it sometimes joins mixed-species foraging flocks. It forages for invertebrates in the canopy, sometimes descending to tree ferns or sallying in the air. It gives a twittering call while feeding, and contact calls include a high-pitched sri-sisi and a chirit-chirit.<p>Breeding has been recorded from February to April and has been inferred to occur in January. The male has been observed walking towards the female while holding a flower in its beak; the male swung its head, touched the female's beak and dropped the flower, and then they mated.<p>The nest, constructed by both sexes, is built on a branch or fork of a tree. It is a steep cup made of bryophytes and covered with felt externally. Lichens are added to camouflage the nest, and the female shapes the nest by pushing against the rim with its breast. The eggs have not been described. The male and female raise the brood together, and subadults have been seen helping them. Moulting occurs from June to October.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Star-throated Antwren
Rhopias gularis
Very small active bird of the dense understory in humid forests. Short-tailed with a cinnamon head, back, and vent, and a gray face and belly. Males have black throats stippled with white and black wing coverts. Females have larger white spots on the throat and brown wing coverts. Occasionally joins mixed-species flocks. The song is a loud and rather nasal series of 6–7 repetitions of “tzeet-tzeet-tzeet.”
Barka Indigobird
Vidua larvaticola
A nest parasite that lays its eggs in the nests of Black-faced Firefinch. Breeding males are glossy black with blue or blue-green iridescence and a pale brownish panel in the wings. Females and non-breeding males are brown and streaky on the back and pale below, with a bold facial pattern. The bill is white and the legs pinkish. Found in woodland, grassland, and thickets, often near water. Breeding males can be identified with care by their vocalizations and by their blue or blue-green gloss. Non-breeding males and females cannot be separated visually from other indigobirds. Imitates the vocalizations of its host firefinches, including soft, repeated whistles.
Tongan Megapode
Megapodius pritchardii
A plump, mostly ground-dwelling bird with long yellowish legs and a dark gray body with slightly browner wash on the wings and back. Head mostly dark gray, with bright orange beak and whitish crest. Good views may show blood-red bare skin around the eye and throat. Found in mature woodland with open understory. Nests on crater lake islands. Resident, with no record of vagrancy. Very vocal, most frequently heard in groups giving chorus of loud piping whistles and shrill cries. Calls are usually a staccato one-note whistle. Unmistakable, as it is the only scrubfowl in its range.
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