Star-throated Antwren
Rhopias gularis
Very small active bird of the dense understory in humid forests. Short-tailed with a cinnamon head, back, and vent, and a gray face and belly. Males have black throats stippled with white and black wing coverts. Females have larger white spots on the throat and brown wing coverts. Occasionally joins mixed-species flocks. The song is a loud and rather nasal series of 6–7 repetitions of “tzeet-tzeet-tzeet.”
识别特征
The star-throated antwren is 8.5 to 9.5 cm (3.3 to 3.7 in) long and weighs 10 to 12 g (0.35 to 0.42 oz). Adult males have a grayish forehead and rufous-brown crown, upperparts, and tail with a hidden white patch between the scapulars. Their wings are mostly rufous-brown with white at the bend and blackish brown coverts dotted with pale cinnamon. Their throat is black with white spots, their breast and belly gray, and their flanks and undertail coverts pale rufous-brown. Females have a buffy forehead, larger white throat spots than males, and no white patch between the scapulars.
分类信息
The star-throated antwren was described and illustrated by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix in 1825 and given the binomial name Thamnophilus gularis. It was subsequently placed with the "stipple-throated group" in the genus Myrmotherula, a group which later was itself transferred to genus Epinecrophylla. When a morphological and genetic analysis published in 2012 found that the star-throated antwren was not closely related to other species in Myrmotherula it was moved to genus Rhopias which had originally been erected by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine in 1860. The type species is the star-throated antwren. The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word rhōps meaning "bush".<p>The star-throated antwren is the only member of genus Rhopias and it has no subspecies. Its closest relatives appear to be the banded antbird (Dichrozona cincta) and the two species of antwrens in genus Isleria.
- 学名
- Rhopias gularis
- 命名信息
- (Spix, 1825)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Rhopias
分布与栖息地
The star-throated antwren is found in coastal southeastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia south into northeastern Rio Grande do Sul and inland to western Paraná. It inhabits the understorey of evergreen forest. It favors dense vegetation along streams in the lowlands and in shady ravines in the foothills. In elevation it mostly occurs between 300 and 1,550 m (1,000 and 5,100 ft) but does occur down to sea level.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-eared Hummingbird
Basilinna leucotis
Stocky, rather distinctive, medium-sized hummingbird in mountain pine-oak and pine-evergreen forests and clearings, where it usually is one of the commonest hummingbird species. Feeds mainly at low to middle levels, often at banks of roadside flowers. Both sexes have a black mask, bold and thick white ear-stripe, and red base to the bill. Male’s head and throat often appear black, but in the right light, it flashes brilliant violet and green. Female has a pale throat and breast with green spots.
Great Rufous Woodcreeper
Xiphocolaptes major
Very large woodcreeper with a massive, robust bill. Plumage is rather uniformly cinnamon with some faint streaking on the breast. Note the black lores. Found in dry forest, woodland, and gallery forest. Sings a slightly descending series of double notes: “hick-up, hick-up, hick-up.” Other woodcreepers within its range are much smaller, with streaked or spotted plumage.
Eastern Parotia
Parotia helenae
A fairly large, short-tailed bird of mid-montane forest canopy. Male is mainly black with a bronzy-scaled chest and 6 antennalike feathers projecting from the back of the head. Note the blue eyes. The female is warm-brown above with barred underparts and a black head. The male has an elaborate dance at a terrestrial display court. Females are similar to female lophorinas, but are larger and lack a pale eyebrow stripe. The vocalizations are poorly known, but likely include various rasps and parrotlike squawks.
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