Mangrove Kingfisher
Halcyon senegaloides
Mid-sized, big-billed, colorful kingfisher. Adults have an all-red bill and a pale gray head. Found in mangroves, coastal forest, woodland, and scrub. Loud call is an introductory note followed by a “bouncing ball” series of wooden trills. Woodland Kingfisher is similar, but Mangrove is separated by its grayer head and all-red bill. Immatures of the two species are very similar, but Mangrove usually shows a red bill with a black tip, as opposed to a mostly black bill in Woodland.
识别特征
The mangrove kingfisher is about 22 cm (8.7 in) long. The male and female are alike. The head is dark grey-brown, with black lores and a narrow white line above the eye, and the cheeks and sides of the neck are brown-grey. The grey breast and flanks are vermiculated (having dense, irregular lines). There is a black patch under the wing. The rest of the plumage is similar to the woodland kingfisher, having black and blue covert and flight feathers. The beak of the mangrove kingfisher is red, the eyes are dark brown, and the legs are dark grey-brown. The juvenile bird is duller, has coarser vermiculations and a yellowish-buff wash on the breast, and has a brown beak. Birds in the south tend to have slightly longer wings and narrower beaks.
分类信息
This species was described by Andrew Smith in 1834, using a specimen collected around Port Natal (now Durban). It is a close relative of the woodland kingfisher (Halcyon senegalensis). The mangrove kingfisher is a monotypic species. Northern populations are sometimes separated as subspecies ranivorus, but the differences do not appear to be large enough.
- 学名
- Halcyon senegaloides
- 命名信息
- Smith, A, 1834
- 目
- Coraciiformes
- 科
- Halcyonidae
- 属
- Halcyon
分布与栖息地
This species is found near the eastern coast of Africa, from Somalia, south through Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique, to South Africa. One individual has been recorded in eastern Zambia. It usually occurs within 20 km (12 mi) of the coast, but is also found inland along the Jubba and Zambezi rivers. It is considered a partial migrant. When not breeding, it lives in estuaries and mangrove, and also wooded shores, thornveld, forest, cultivated land, parks and gardens. To breed, it leaves estuaries and mangrove, moving to woodland and wooded rivers; these are generally farther inland, an exception being that they breed in the Zanzibar Archipelago.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
This kingfisher catches fish and also eats crabs, prawns, lizards and insects. The song is a raucous, accelerating series of tchi notes, and the breeding display includes spreading the wings. Breeding has been recorded from October to January. Nests have been recorded in tree holes and termite nests.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Java Sparrow
Padda oryzivora
A small, plump finch with a very thick pink bill. The black head and white cheek patch are distinctive. Juveniles have a similar color pattern but are grayer. Social; forages in flocks and roosts communally. Forages in rice fields, grasslands, meadows, and urban and suburban areas (in introduced range). Call consists of one or more musical chirps. Native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali, where now quite rare. Introduced widely across the globe including India, Philippines, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and the Hawaiian Islands.
Gray-crowned Flatbill
Tolmomyias poliocephalus
Small, stocky flycatcher with broad, flat bill. Occupies canopy and midstory of forest edges, gardens, and tall second growth in humid lowlands. Has gray crown, pale yellow underparts, and yellow edgings to wing feathers (but not wingbars). Very similar to a few other species of flycatchers, particularly Yellow-margined and Yellow-olive Flycatchers; best distinguishing features include its pale eye, lack of a yellow patch at the base of the primaries, and voice. Call is a loud, quickly rising whistle: “tuee?”, higher and cleaner than similar calls from species like Brownish Twistwing and Blue-backed Manakin, but not as high as the “twee-twee” of Purple-throated Euphonia.
Maroon Woodpecker
Blythipicus rubiginosus
Dark reddish woodpecker with a gleaming yellow bill and gray-brown head and underparts. Female averages paler-headed than the male. Forages low, often on or near the ground in lowland, hill, and montane forests with a dense understory; often on fallen trunks. Gives rather thin “tsik!” notes, sometimes singly, sometimes strung out into longer series. Joins mixed-species foraging flocks.
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