Java Sparrow
Padda oryzivora
A small, plump finch with a very thick pink bill. The black head and white cheek patch are distinctive. Juveniles have a similar color pattern but are grayer. Social; forages in flocks and roosts communally. Forages in rice fields, grasslands, meadows, and urban and suburban areas (in introduced range). Call consists of one or more musical chirps. Native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali, where now quite rare. Introduced widely across the globe including India, Philippines, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, and the Hawaiian Islands.
识别特征
The Java sparrow is about 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) in length from the beak to its tip of tail feathers. Although only about the size of a house sparrow, it may be the largest species in the estrildid family. The mean body mass is 24.5 g (0.86 oz), making it slightly heavier than its nearest known rival, the black-bellied seedeater. The adult is unmistakable, with its grey upperparts and breast, pink belly, white-cheeked black head, red eye-ring, pink feet and thick red bill.<p>Both sexes are similar. Immature birds have brown upperparts and pale brown underparts, and a plain head. Very young birds have a black beak with a pink base.<p>The call is a chip, and the song is a rapid series of call notes chipchipchipchipchipchip.
分类信息
The Java sparrow was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Loxia oryzivora. The specific epithet combines Latin oryza meaning "rice" with -vorus meaning "eating". Linnaeus based his description on the "Padda or Rice-bird" that had been described and illustrated in 1743 by the English naturalist George Edwards in his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Edwards believed that his specimens had come from China but mentions the common name "Java sparrow". The species was reclassified to the genus Lonchura in 2020.
- 学名
- Padda oryzivora
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Estrildidae
- 属
- Padda
分布与栖息地
The Java sparrow is a very gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It frequents open grassland and cultivation, and was formerly a pest in rice fields, hence its scientific name. The nest is constructed in a tree or building, and up to eight eggs are laid.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Emu
Dromaius novaehollandiae
Endemic to Australia, this enormous flightless bird has drooping gray shaggy plumage. Only confusion possible with introduced Common Ostrich, but note Emu’s dark head and a shaggy-feathered neck. Hatchlings have distinctive stripes throughout. Juvenile and immature birds are darker than adults with more feathered necks. Prefers open country, where it roams around in loose flocks ranging from a few birds up to hundreds.
Kirtland's Warbler
Setophaga kirtlandii
One of the largest and rarest warblers. Breeds only in young jack pine forests in northern Michigan and Wisconsin. Winters in the Bahamas; seldom seen in migration. Blue-gray above and lemon-yellow below with broken white eye-ring, thin white wingbars, and black spotting on sides. Female slightly browner than male. Constantly pumps tail up and down. Most similar to drab female or immature Magnolia Warbler but larger with gray (not greenish) back and tail-pumping behavior. Also compare with Canada Warbler, which has bold black streaks across breast and bold yellow spectacles.
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus
This common Eurasian species is a close relative of the House Sparrow. Slightly smaller than House Sparrow with entirely rufous cap, black and white cheek, and limited black in the throat. Males and females are similar. Typically found in noisy small flocks, often in more natural areas than concrete-loving House Sparrow; calls are often higher-pitched than those of House Sparrow, and has a slightly slower chatter. Feeds on seeds. Introduced to a small region in the central U.S. and southeast Australia.
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