Purple-gaped Honeyeater
Lichenostomus cratitius
Small, plain honeyeater found in mallee woodland and heathland across southern South Australia as well as in parts of southwestern Western Australia. Olive brown above, paler below, with gray crown and dark gray cheek patch edged in yellow, a thin purple line separating throat from ear coverts, and entirely black bill. Calls include loud squeaks and a rattling trill.
识别特征
The purple-gaped honeyeater is a medium-sized (16-19 centimetres) honeyeater which is generally grey-olive above and buffish yellow below. They have a patterned head, with a black eyestripe against a grey background and purple gape above a yellow streak on the throat and pointed yellow ear coverts. Juveniles are similar, but with duller facial patterns, slightly browner plumage, and a yellow gape and gape line. The Kangaroo Island subspecies is considered to be larger and darker than the mainland subspecies.<p>Similar species include yellow-plumed honeyeater and singing honeyeater.<p>The song is a clear toweet-toweet-toweet, followed by a high-pitched yep-yep-yep, often performed from a tall branch, including before dawn.
分类信息
- 学名
- Lichenostomus cratitius
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1841)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Lichenostomus
分布与栖息地
They occur in disjunct populations across southern Australia, east from southern Western Australia, with the eastern population largely occurring south of the Murray River, and NSW forming the extreme north-east of its range. Despite its naturally disjunct populations, the purple-gaped honeyeater has very low genetic diversity across its range.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The main habitat type for purple-gaped honeyeater is mallee woodland and shrubland. This includes bull mallee, with patches of green mallee or blue mallee. They also occur in yellow gum woodland with dense thickets of 'totem-poles' or violet honey-myrtle on low-lying flats and gullies in mallee areas. They are occasionally recorded in river red gums bordering waterways, and seasonally in red ironbark woodlands when they are in flower. Purple-gaped honeyeaters can also occasionally be found in gardens.<p>They are gregarious, usually seen in pairs, or groups of 3-8 birds. Generally considered quiet and unobtrusive, except in spring when they may call often. They are known to regularly drink and bathe, particularly in warmer weather. Purple-gaped honeyeaters associate with yellow-plumed honeyeater and tawny-crowned honeyeater, but can be aggressive towards other honeyeaters, and frequently chase other birds, particularly when feeding.<p>Purple-gaped honeyeaters feed mainly on nectar and insects, especially from flowering mallee eucalypts, and banksias. They also forage for insects under loose bark on trunks and branches of trees, or catch flying insects on the wing. Seeds, pollen and honeydew from scale insects are less frequently consumed.<p>Purple-gaped honeyeaters build nests as a small cup of bark strips, grass and down, bound with spider web and egg sacs, slung in a horizontal fork or from slender branchlets within dense foliage (usually broombush or eucalypts), normally less than three metres above the ground.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
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