Tawny-throated Dotterel
Oreopholus ruficollis
Handsome and distinctive plover of windswept open grasslands and sandy dunes from Patagonian steppe to the high Andes; also ranges to agricultural fields, mainly during migration and winter. Mostly uncommon and often rather local. Usually found as pairs or small groups, running well and blending in easily with its grassy steppe habitat. Note the elegant, tall-standing posture, bold face pattern, straight pointed bill, bright rusty throat, and striped back. No similar species.
识别特征
The tawny-throated dotterel is 25 to 29 cm (9.8 to 11 in) long and weighs 120 to 154 g (4.2 to 5.4 oz). The sexes are alike and have no seasonal changes in plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies are mostly rich buff, with heavy dark streaking on the back. They have a white chin, an orange-tawny throat, gray neck and breast, and a small black patch on the belly. Their white underwing shows in flight. Juveniles have a buff throat, less dense streaking on the back, and paler underparts with a brown belly patch. Subspecies O. r. pallidus is very similar to the nominate but smaller and overall paler.
分类信息
The tawny-throated dotterel is the only living member of its genus, though an extinct species O. orcesi is known from fossil remains. It has two subspecies, the nominate O. r. ruficollis and O. r. pallidus. Some authors have suggested that the two deserve further investigation because they have different plumage .
- 学名
- Oreopholus ruficollis
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1829)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Columbidae
- 属
- Oreopholus
分布与栖息地
Subspecies O. r. pallidus of the tawny-throated dotterel has a limited range; it is found in coastal northern Peru only as far south as the Department of La Libertad. What is assumed to be this subspecies has been recorded as a vagrant in Ecuador. The nominate subspecies is found from southern Peru south through western Bolivia, Chile, and western Argentina into Tierra del Fuego and east through southern Argentina into Uruguay and southern Brazil. It has also been recorded as a vagrant on the Falkland Islands.<p>The tawny-throated dotterel inhabits grasslands, heath shrublands, and fields and meadows. The nominate subspecies is found in the puna of the Andes as high as 4,600 m (15,100 ft). O. r. pallidus is found on the coastal plain of Peru.
- 繁殖区
- SA : coastal and inland n Peru to Tierra del Fuego
- 非繁殖区
- to coastal Uruguay and se Brazil
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
The nominate subspecies of tawny-throated dotterel breeds in the high Andes and moves to lower elevations after that season. Some move to coastal Chile. Populations in the far south migrate north into Argentina and beyond as far as southern Brazil. O. r. pallidus appears to be a year-round resident in its limited range.<p>Almost nothing is known about the tawny-throated dotterel's feeding behavior or diet. It is known to feed in flocks of as many as 100 birds in the non-breeding season.<p>The tawny-throated dotterel's nesting season appears to span from June to January with some latitudinal variation. O. r. pallidus nests on sandy soil near sea level. The species' nest, clutch size, incubation time, and time to fledging are not known.<p>The tawny-throated dotterel is not highly vocal. In flight it makes "a vibrating drawn-out whistle 'prrrrruu'...and a rhythmic 'chup!-prri-rri-rruu'". Its alarm call is "an emphatic 'chee!-chu-chup'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Spectacled Weaver
Ploceus ocularis
An unstreaked bright yellow weaver with uniform green wings, back, and upper tail. A slender black bill and Zorro-like bandit mask surrounding the pale eye further identify it. The male has a black throat patch that the female lacks. Individuals and pairs occupy savanna, forest edge, and thicket, avoiding well developed forest. The species is often first detected by its distinctive downward “tee-tee-tee-tee-tee….” call. The Black-necked Weaver differs in having a distinctive dark back, except for the olive-backed race in West Africa, which is told apart from the very similar Spectacled Weaver by a thicker bill and more chestnut on the head and breast.
Rusty-browed Warbling Finch
Microspingus erythrophrys
Small tanager of semi-humid upper montane forest in NW Argentina and the southern half of the Bolivian Andes. The only Warbling-finch in range with a rufous supercilium. From Cochabamba Mountain-Finch by rufous underparts, smaller size, shorter tail. Bold white slash down wing panel distinctive.
Geelvink Pygmy-Parrot
Micropsitta geelvinkiana
A tiny parrot of forest on Biak and Numfor Islands. Typical pygmy-parrot shape with green body, yellow under the tail and brown face. Male has yellow mark down the center of the underparts and a yellow spot behind the crown. Numfor birds have a blue crown and males a blue cheek. Nuthatchlike behavior, foraging for lichens and fungus. As with other pygmy-parrot species, makes a nest in arboreal termitaria. The only pygmy-parrot in range. Call, a high-pitch twittering.
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