Brown-hooded Gull
Chroicocephalus maculipennis
Handsome hooded gull of southern South America and Falklands. Commonest in coastal areas, but also ranges inland to lakes, rivers, dumps, and fields. Extensively to wholly white wingtip is distinctive in all plumages. Breeding adult has dark brown hood (often looks black at a distance) with a white eyering. Immature and nonbreeding plumages have a distinct dark spot on cheeks. Compare with Gray-hooded Gull, which occurs with Brown-hooded in Argentina and the larger Andean Gull, which overlaps locally in central Chile.
识别特征
The mature bird has a dark brown head and throat with a white semicircle around the posterior part of the eye, while the neck, chest and abdomen are white. The beak and legs are red. The primary flight feathers are dark gray, while the secondaries and covert feathers are a lighter gray. This bird may be confused with the Franklin's gull. There is no significant sexual dimorphism.
分类信息
- 学名
- Chroicocephalus maculipennis
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Laridae
- 属
- Chroicocephalus
分布与栖息地
This species is found in South America, breeding from Argentine and Chilean Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and Uruguay. In winter, its range extends up to the coasts of north Chile and central Brazil. Its natural habitats include freshwater lakes, intertidal marshes, river banks, and open fields.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
These are gregarious birds. Their diet consists primarily of insects, carrion, and food items obtained through kleptoparasitism from other birds. In particular they steal crabs from the red-gartered coot (Fulica armillata) and clams from the American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus). The profitability of stealing from these birds is 3.5 times higher for the coots than the oystercatchers. They build floating nests among aquatic vegetation at the edges of ponds and lakes. Three to four eggs are usually laid.<p>The black-headed duck has a brood parasite relationship with the brown-hooded gull in which a female will lay an egg in the nest of a brown-hooded gull with the intent of having the host gull incubate the egg instead of herself.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- rising
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Noisy Friarbird
Philemon corniculatus
Large gray-brown honeyeater with a completely bare black head and a distinctive "horn" on the bill. Upperparts are gray and underparts are dull white. Completely bare head is unique among the friarbirds. Typically very loud; emits a variety of harsh, loud squawks. Inhabits a wide range of habitats in eastern Australia, including (especially) open forests and gardens and parks, where it is common.
Slate-colored Coot
Fulica ardesiaca
Widespread, rather large but “average” coot of lakes, marshes, and river mouths; mainly in Andes and adjacent Pacific coastal lowlands. Despite the name, its plumage is no more slate-colored than other coots. Adult comes in three types: most Andean birds have a dark red forehead shield and yellowish bill; elsewhere, rounded forehead shield can be white or pale yellow with a whitish bill. Legs greenish, appreciably shorter than legs of Giant Coot, which occurs alongside Slate-colored at some lakes. Juvenile has a variably grizzled whitish face and throat.
Volcano Swiftlet
Aerodramus vulcanorum
A Javan endemic, this rare and enigmatic swiftlet breeds in the craters of a handful of active volcanoes. Forages over the craters and surrounding montane forest. Dark brown above and paler below, with a forked tail and paleish rump. Other dark swiftlets are unlikely up in the high altitudes where Volcano Swiftlet occurs, and average more square-tailed, though this can be difficult to judge accurately. Gives high-pitched screams and clicks.
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