Noisy Friarbird
Philemon corniculatus
Large gray-brown honeyeater with a completely bare black head and a distinctive "horn" on the bill. Upperparts are gray and underparts are dull white. Completely bare head is unique among the friarbirds. Typically very loud; emits a variety of harsh, loud squawks. Inhabits a wide range of habitats in eastern Australia, including (especially) open forests and gardens and parks, where it is common.
识别特征
Measuring 31–36 cm (12–14 in) in length, the noisy friarbird is a large honeyeater with dull brownish grey upperparts and paler brown-grey underparts. Its black head is completely bald apart from tufts of feathers under the chin and along the eyebrow. It can be distinguished by its rounded knob above the black bill, which is visible at distance. It has dark blue-black legs and red eyes.<p>As its name suggests, it is noisy[clarification needed]; one of its calls has been likened to "four o'clock".
分类信息
The noisy friarbird was first described by ornithologist John Latham in 1790. The generic name is from the Ancient Greek philēmōn 'affectionate, kissing'. Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin corniculum '(having a) little horn'. It is sometimes known as a leatherhead. Wirgan was a name used by the local Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin.<p>Molecular study shows its closest relative to be the silver-crowned friarbird within the genus Philemon. DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
- 学名
- Philemon corniculatus
- 命名信息
- (Latham, 1790)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Meliphagidae
- 属
- Philemon
分布与栖息地
The natural range is from the vicinity of Lakes Entrance and the Murray valley in Victoria, north through New South Wales and Queensland to Cape York. In New Guinea, it is restricted to the Trans-Fly in the south of the island where it is locally abundant.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
In southern parts of eastern Australia the species is migratory, moving north to overwinter and returning south in the spring. Large aggregations of noisy friarbirds are possible, often in association with little friarbirds. At such times, the constant cackling and chattering of the noisy friarbird can fill the forest with sound. The calls are used to identify an individual's feeding territory, and also announce the presence of food sources worth defending to other birds—not necessarily friarbirds alone. Their diet consists of nectar, insects, and fruit. The consumption of commercially grown fruit, such as grapes and berries, can bring noisy friarbirds into direct conflict with humans who may regard them as pests under those circumstances. They are aggressively protective of their nests, and are known to swoop.<p>Breeding may occur from July to January, with one or two broods during this time. The nest is a large, deep cup with an inverted lip or rim, made of bark and grass hanging from a horizontal branch, 1–3 metres above the ground, and usually well-hidden. Two to four (rarely five) eggs are laid, measuring 22 by 33 millimetres (0.87 in × 1.30 in), and buff- to pale-pink splotched with darker pink-brown or purplish colours.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Millerbird
Acrocephalus familiaris
A small old-world warbler that occurs only on Nihoa and Laysan in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Unlikely to be confused with any other species; the only other passerines on those islands are finches. Does not occur on the main Hawaiian Islands. Prefers dense, low vegetation. Usually secretive and hard to see well, but males sometimes sing from an exposed perch. Song and calls are harsh chirps and churring.
Middle American Screech-Owl
Megascops guatemalae
Small, cryptically patterned, yellow-eyed owl of tropical lowland forest from Mexico to Panama. Tends to stay well hidden in the understory. Cannot be identified readily by sight, but it is the only screech-owl throughout most of its range and within its habitat. Song is a purring trill that can easily be mistaken for the purring of a toad or insect. Plumage varies from grayish brown overall to reddish.
Upland Buzzard
Buteo hemilasius
A large raptor of expansive open spaces such as steppe, pastures, and semi-deserts. Perches visibly on utility poles and snags. Especially abundant near marmot and pika colonies. Longer-winged and more heavily marked than smaller Eastern and Himalayan Buzzards, but identification can be challenging. Plumages include both light and dark morphs; both have a large dark patch on the underwing at the “wrist.” Dark morph is black with pale outer underwings (“hands”), and light morph is blotchy brown below, with dark tarsal feathers (“trousers”) reminiscent of Rough-legged Hawk.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。