Blue-headed Sapphire
Chrysuronia grayi
Striking hummingbird with blue head, shimmering green body, and mostly red bill with black tip. Female duller, grayish below with green spotting on sides of throat. Distinctive in range. Very similar to Humboldt’s Sapphire, which is found at much lower elevations on the coast. Typically inhabits dry scrubby woodland and second growth in high elevation valleys, from 1,200–2,200 m.
识别特征
The blue-headed sapphire is 9 to 11 cm (3.5 to 4.3 in) long. Males weigh 6.2 to 6.8 g (0.22 to 0.24 oz) and females 4.6 to 5.6 g (0.16 to 0.20 oz). Males have a straightish coral red bill with a black tip. Females' bills have a black maxilla with red at its base and a mostly pinkish mandible with a black tip. Adult males have a deep glittering blue upper throat, face, and crown. Their nape is dark blue-green and the rest of their upperparts metallic green. Their tail is dark steel blue. Their lower throat, breast, and upper belly are glittering emerald green with a small area of white on the lower belly. Their undertail coverts are metallic green with dark gray edges. Adult females have metallic green to bronze-green upperparts. Their tail's base is dark bronze-green and the rest blue-black with grayish tips on the outer feathers. Their underparts are mostly dull white to grayish white with bronze-green on the sides of the throat and breast and some green flecks on the lower throat. Juvenile males have a dull bluish green face and crown, a bronzy green throat and breast, and a grayish white belly. Juvenile females are similar but duller and more bronzy overall.
分类信息
The blue-headed sapphire was formerly placed in the genera Hylocharis and Amazilia. It was moved by most taxonomic systems to Chrysuronia based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in Amazilia. <p>The blue-headed sapphire is monotypic. However, at one time what is now Humboldt's sapphire (C. humboldtii) was treated as a subspecies of it.
- 学名
- Chrysuronia grayi
- 命名信息
- (Delattre & Bourcier, 1846)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chrysuronia
分布与栖息地
The blue-headed sapphire is found in inter-Andean valleys from western Colombia's Valle del Cauca Department south into Ecuador's Pichincha Province. It inhabits dry scrublands, the edges of woodland and taller forest, and cultivated areas. In elevation it mostly ranges between about 500 and 2,000 m (1,600 and 6,600 ft) but can be found as high as 2,600 m (8,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The blue-headed sapphire is reported to make significant seasonal movements but details are lacking.<p>The blue-headed sapphire forages for nectar at a variety of flowering shrubs and trees. It sometimes defends feeding territories, and when several gather at the crown of a flowering tree they are "notably aggressive". In addition to nectar it feeds on insects taken by hawking from a perch or by gleaning from vegetation.<p>Blue-headed sapphires in breeding condition have been noted between November and April. No other information on the species' breeding phenology is known and its nest has not been described.<p>The blue-headed sapphire's song is "a repeated short warbled phrase that starts with a squeaky 'tee' note, 'tee…teetlitlitsee-chup… teetlitlitsee-chup'." It also makes "short 'chip' notes and a high-pitched descending rattle."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
White-winged Cinclodes
Cinclodes atacamensis
Uncommon to fairly common in the high Andes, where usually outnumbered by similar but smaller Cream-winged Cinclodes. Favors streams and bogs with running water and also lakeshores. Generally less confiding than Cream-winged Cinclodes. Told from Cream-winged by brighter, rustier back and more contrasting white markings with broader wing stripe and big white tail corners as opposed to smaller buff tail corners on Cream-winged. Voice also quite different.
Rufous-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher
Ceyx rufidorsa
Tiny, unbelievably cute kingfisher: a luminous ball of pink, orange, yellow, and varying amounts of blue and purple. Brightly-colored back distinguishes this species from closely related Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher. Forages in shaded patches of dense vegetation, in mangroves, overgrown edge, or deep lowland and foothill forest. Can be near or away from water; when near water, often near shallow forest streams and small pools. Gives high squeaks and thin whistles, often as paired notes.
Black-collared Barbet
Lybius torquatus
A chunky, medium-sized barbet with a yellowish belly; a red face is raggedly edged with a bold black cowl and breast band. In some forms the face is instead white or yellow. Pairs are resident in the canopy and mid-strata of a variety of open and closed woodlands, riverine forest, and cultivated areas, where they glean fruit and insects. Pairs sing a colorful and characteristic duet, “two-pudley, two-pudley, two-pudley”, that can go on for a minute or more. The similar Brown-breasted Barbet differs by having a broad brown breast band and a pale bill. Red-faced Barbet has black underparts.
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