Chestnut-headed Nunlet

Large frogmouth of Borneo’s central mountains. Inhabits foothill forest (typically 600–1230 m). Heavyset, with a whiskered face and bright white spots on the wings. Similar Large Frogmouth is generally found at lower elevations; Dulit has broader (as opposed to Large’s sharply triangular) white wing spots, strong pale barring on the throat, and overall darker coloration. Song is a low, resonant, melancholy-sounding “hooooo’m”; call consists of barks, typically given in pairs: “woo’WUP!”.

While highly distinctive, this bulbul can be irruptive and moves in flocks over a wide range; it is thus infrequently encountered. Both sexes are dark with white shoulder patches; female is slightly browner. Moves through lowland and foothill evergreen forest and forest edge. Forages throughout all forest levels, but most common in upper levels, where it often gathers in the crowns of fruiting trees. Occasionally gives abrupt metallic ‘ching!’

Large, brownish bird with a small gray head and massive legs and feet. Forages on the ground in coastal forests in the Nicobar Islands. Builds a large mound for a nest, from where the newly-hatched chicks dig themselves out and become immediately independent. Said to sing when it is dark, giving out a series of low-pitched wails which then reach a crescendo, culminating in a loud, metallic clattering sound.