Australian Painted-Snipe
Rostratula australis
Cryptic wader with long, slightly decurved greenish-yellow bill. Bright white underparts, dark brown head and neck, and streaked olive upperparts, with distinctive curved white line extending from breast through the back. Nomadic, with unpredictable movements, so may turn up in a wide variety of wetland habitats, typically shallow wetlands with surrounding vegetation. Most likely to be observed in early morning, in late evening, or at night.
识别特征
The head, neck and upper breast is chocolate brown (in the male, dark grey with a buff median stripe on the crown), fading to rufous in the centre of the hindneck and merging to dark, barred grey on the back. There is a cream comma-shaped mark around the eye. A white stripe on the side of the breast and over the shoulders is diagnostic. The upperwing is grey (with buff spots in the male). The lower breast and underbody are white. Males are generally slightly smaller and less bright than females. Juveniles are similar to adult males. No call has been recorded.<p>The length ranges from 24 to 30 cm, the wingspan from 50 to 54 cm, the weight from 125 to 130 g.
分类信息
The distinctiveness of the Australian painted-snipe was recognised by John Gould in 1838 when he described and named it Rostratula australis. However, it was subsequently lumped with the greater painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis. More recently it has been shown that the differences between these taxa warrant recognition at the species level. Compared with the greater painted-snipe, the Australian painted-snipe:
- 学名
- Rostratula australis
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1838)
- 目
- Charadriiformes
- 科
- Rostratulidae
- 属
- Rostratula
分布与栖息地
The Australian painted-snipe is endemic to Australia, though its distribution is patchy and its presence in any particular area is unpredictable. A previous stronghold was the Riverina. It frequents shallow, freshwater wetlands with a thick cover of low vegetation, disappearing when conditions become unsuitable.<p>The species has declined drastically during the 20th century and is rare throughout its range. Causes of the decline are ascribed to wetland drainage, river management and salinisation, as well as grazing and trampling of wetlands by stock. Estimates of the total population range from a few hundred to a few thousand. In Australia it is classified as being nationally threatened with a rating of Vulnerable. The IUCN recently split the species and treats it as endangered.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Wetland invertebrates such as worms, molluscs, insects and crustaceans; also seeds and other vegetation.<p>Breeding painted-snipe prefer temporary but recently flooded wetlands, with low cover for shelter, shallow water and exposed mud for feeding, and small islands on which to nest. They nest in ground scrapes or on mounds in water, lined with grass, leaves and twigs, where they lay clutches of 3-4 cream-coloured eggs marked with black streaks. Incubation takes 15–16 days. The young are precocial and nidifugous.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Madagascar Sandgrouse
Pterocles personatus
Brownish bird that is shaped like a large dove. Male has a black front and plain wing with three black bars; female has fine black markings across the back. Long pointed wings power high direct flight. Found in dry, open habitats in western Madagascar, at low and middle elevations. Feeds in open fields, and makes long flights every day to traditional drinking spots, which are often visited with great punctuality. Call is an odd dry chuckling, given frequently in flight.
Bearded Guan
Penelope barbata
Large chickenlike bird with a long tail. Chocolate-brown overall with pinkish-red legs and silvery frosting on head and neck. Restricted to southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, where it occurs in subtropical and temperate forest from around 2,000 to 3,000 m. Typically in pairs or small groups in the mid levels of forest. Replaces Andean Guan south of Cuenca and west of Jaén; also note subtle differences in patterning: Bearded has more extensive silver on brow and a streaked, not scaled, breast.
Picazuro Pigeon
Patagioenas picazuro
A common pigeon frequently seen in a range of habitats from urban areas to savannas and light woodlands. Large with a purple-and-gray scaly body and a silvery patch at the side of the neck. In flight has distinctive black flight feathers and pale gray wingbars. The song is a low and monotonous “wuu-pupuh, wuu-pupuh”.
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