Tit-like Dacnis

A chunky, pale, brownish wheatear of mountain habitats in southwestern Arabia. Note the white eyebrow, black eye stripe, clean white throat, and buff breast. The tail is mostly black with a white base and rump, forming a thick “T” pattern that is conspicuous in flight. Found in open habitats at high elevations. The song is a long, complex mix of many different components, both scratchy and musical, sometimes given in a flight display. Similar overall to several other species of wheatears, but no other species shows a combination of large size, long legs, black-and-white pattern on the face, and buff breast.

This well-marked European endemic prefers rocky slopes and dry areas of hill and montane forest. Up to 3,000 m (10,000 ft), but can be found in lower-lying open flat areas with sparse grass and low bushes in some regions. Highly territorial and vocal, giving an irregular series of "chick chek pe-ti-chek chi-chek" notes, particularly in the early morning. Often runs away rather than flying. Throat is white, while similar looking Chukar has a creamy throat; virtually no overlap in range with other similar species.

A distinctive malimbe of lowland forests, particularly favoring lowland swamps with palms and areas near water, often in the understory. Overall glossy black with a triangular red throat patch and a pale gray-blue bill. Occurs in small groups or with mixed-species flocks, sometimes with other species of malimbe. The only malimbe with a combination of entirely dark upperparts, red throat, and black vent. Song includes whistled and mechanical notes with rasps, and calls include short rasping “rhewp” notes.