Cinnamon Quail-thrush
Cinclosoma cinnamomeum
Heavily patterned terrestrial bird of central Australia. Both sexes have pale eyebrow, pale brown back, speckled undertail, and black-and-white markings on wing. Female has buff chin and moustache, white belly, and pale gray chest, male a white moustache, black throat patch, pale brown sides, and white center of chest, with thin black breast band above white belly. Usually seen walking around in open shrubland in stony country. Note that male Copperback Quail-thrush has black chest, and Nullarbor Quail-thrush has solid black chest band connected to the throat patch. Calls include a long, high-pitched whistled "seeeep."
识别特征
Cinnamon quail-thrush have a body-length of 20 cm, and weigh up to 50 grams when fully grown. Male birds are characterised by a white eyebrow, black face and a broad white streak down the sides of a black throat. The upperparts of their body are plain cinnamon-rufous with buff-white patches on the upper breast and a broad black band below. The outer tail feathers are black with white tips. The female has similar features but duller with a buff-white throat and eyebrow. Their upper breast is grey and they have no black on the underside. Juveniles have the same markings but males may have an indistinct breast band. They have high-pitched, slightly hissing calls (voices).
分类信息
This species is a member of the family Cinclosomatidae, which is a group of passerine birds native to Australia and nearby areas. The quail-thrushes (Cinclosoma), which the cinnamon quail-thrush is a member of, belong to this family.
- 学名
- Cinclosoma cinnamomeum
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1846
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cinclosomatidae
- 属
- Cinclosoma
分布与栖息地
The cinnamon quail-thrush is an Australian endemic that is typically found in arid and semi-arid regions of central Australia. These regions are defined by the presence of desert vegetation and land forms as well as by low rainfall, with less than 500 mm per annum in most areas. Its distribution size is estimated to be 831,000 square kilometers, spanning over southwest Queensland, northwest New South Wales, northeastern South Australia and the southeast of the Northern Territory. Within these areas the cinnamon quail-thrush has been found in grass and shrublands; however, it is more commonly found among dry stony areas, especially around dry creek lines.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
These terrestrial birds are fairly weak fliers and prefer to squat or run when disturbed.<p>Cinnamon quail-thrushes are exclusively ground foragers, eating a wide range of invertebrates (including grasshoppers, bugs, beetles, flies and ants), and seeds of both native and introduced flora species.<p>These birds are found alone, in pairs or small family groups. Males sing continuously at daybreak in the breeding season, which is normally in the months of July to September. Breeding occurs on the ground, with cup-shaped nests being built in depressions and lined with strips of bark, fine grass or sticks. The nest is usually located amongst rocky areas, against fallen branches or under low bushes or sparse tufts of grass. The clutch can contain two or three eggs.<p>There is no evidence of the cinnamon quail-thrush having large-scale seasonal movements.
保护状况
While the cinnamon quail-thrush's population has not been measured, it is thought that the species is slowly declining due to ongoing habitat degradation caused by livestock and introduced herbivores. The species is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
African Penguin
Spheniscus demersus
The only penguin regularly found within its range. A pudgy, flightless, black-and-white seabird with wings modified into flippers. Uncommon and declining, but still easily seen at well-known breeding colonies. It is extremely ungainly on land but is a supreme swimmer in the open ocean, where individuals dive down as far as 60 m in pursuit of small schooling fish. Juveniles are covered in flufflike down, and immatures have a white throat and frequently look scruffy as they molt. Call is a repeated, donkey-like braying: “haaaaaaahh, haaaaaaahh”.
Bismarck Crow
Corvus insularis
A medium-sized entirely black crow with a large, often pale-tipped bill and a pale bluish eye. Common in most open forest and forest-edge habitats. Often seen around towns. Voice consists of short, nasal cawing notes.
Javan Kingfisher
Halcyon cyanoventris
Large kingfisher with a massive lipstick-red bill. Note dark head, dark chestnut throat and chest, purplish body, electric blue wings, and large black shoulder patch. Bright white wing patches revealed in flight. Uses a variety of both wet and dry lowland and foothill habitats, including ponds, mangroves, agricultural fields, open forest, and scrub. Can be close to human habitation. Gives high piping screams, often in series.
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