Band-tailed Antwren
Myrmotherula urosticta
Small, short-tailed antwren. Look for the broad white tail-tip. Males are gray with black bibs and wing coverts; females are light gray above and buff below. Found in humid forests, where it forages in the understory and at middle levels, usually together with mixed-species flocks. The song is a nasal series of clear “tjeuwi” notes.
识别特征
The band-tailed antwren is 9 to 10 cm (3.5 to 3.9 in) long. It is a smallish bird with a short tail. Adult males have gray upperparts with a hidden white patch between the shoulders. Their wings are gray with white-tipped black coverts. Their tail is darker gray with the eponymous wide white band at the end. Their throat and upper breast are black; the rest of their underparts are a paler gray than the upperparts. Adult females have a paler gray face and upperparts than males with white-tipped gray wing coverts. Their throat is white, their sides and flanks gray, and the rest of their underparts pale cinnamon-buff.
分类信息
The band-tailed antwren was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1857 and given the binomial name Formicivora urosticta. The species is monotypic. The band-tailed antwren and the long-winged antwren (M. longipennis) form a superspecies.
- 学名
- Myrmotherula urosticta
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL, 1857)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Myrmotherula
分布与栖息地
The band-tailed antwren is a bird of the Atlantic Forest. It found very spottily and locally in coastal eastern Brazil between Bahia and northern Rio de Janeiro state. The largest numbers are found in the southern Bahia-northern Espírito Santo area. It inhabits the understorey to mid-storey of evergreen forest and adjacent mature secondary forest in the lowlands. It appears to favor tall forest on sandy soil, especially those with abundant vines in their lower reaches. In elevation it occurs below about 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The band-tailed antwren is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The band-tailed antwren's diet is not known in detail but is probably mostly mostly insects and spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, or in family groups, and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically forages on fairly open leafy branches. It feeds mostly between about 3 and 10 m (10 and 30 ft) above the ground but will go as high as 20 m (70 ft), though rarely. It seeks prey mostly by gleaning live leaves, and also takes prey from clusters of dead leaves, vine tangles, and along branches by gleaning, reaching, lunging, and with short sallies from a perch.<p>Nothing is known about the band-tailed antwren's breeding biology.<p>The band-tailed antwren's song is a "short series of 4-5 very high, nasal, well-separated, sharply upslurred 'tjeuwi' notes". Its most common call is "three notes...dropping in pitch".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Streak-breasted Treehunter
Thripadectes rufobrunneus
This warm brown forest dweller is similar to many other foliage-gleaners and treehunters. Look for the relatively bright orangey throat with streaking on the breast. The bill is all dark. Also note the plain head without an eyebrow. Found in montane forests from 900 to 2500m, where it moves at low to middle heights. Seen singly or in pairs, often with a mixed-species flock. Song is a harsh series of paired notes.
Spot-backed Antbird
Hylophylax naevius
Fairly small, short-tailed antbird. Widespread in lowland forest of the Amazon basin in northern South America. More common than Dot-backed Antbird. Striking plumage with bold black chest streaks and white wingbars. Sexes similar, but males have a black throat and females have a white throat. Also note that females are buffier below. Compared with Dot-backed, note pink legs, buffier spots on back, gray face, and browner tail. Pairs are typically found in the understory, perching on vertical branches or vines near the ground. Occasionally visits army ant swarms.
Puff-throated Bulbul
Alophoixus pallidus
A large crested bulbul of tropical forests, usually found in the canopy foraging on berries. Body is a light yellow-green, while the wings, tail, and crown are brown. “Puff” of the white throat is slight and not an obvious feature. In the northwestern part of its range, it overlaps with the similar White-throated Bulbul, which has a more scraggly crest, more extensive white on the throat and face, and olive-green wings. Chatters with explosively harsh and barking quality; groups can be very loud and cacophonous.
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