Yellow-shouldered Blackbird
Agelaius xanthomus
An inhabitant of coastal mangroves and nearby scrublands. This species is all black, except for a bright yellow shoulder patch—a combination that eliminates all other species in its range. At times, the shoulder patch is hidden such that it can resemble the Shiny Cowbird. The Shiny Cowbird has glossier plumage and a shorter, thicker bill. Vocalizations include a rough “chet” or “chulp” and a braying “naaaaaaaah.”
识别特征
The yellow-shouldered blackbird, as its name implies, is a glossy black bird with a small yellow humeral patch around its "shoulders" outlined by a white margin. Immature individuals possess a duller coloration and a brown abdomen. Although plumage coloration is indistinguishable between the sexes, sexual dimorphism is present in this species with males being larger than females. Plumage abnormality is rare in this species. Adult individuals measure from 20–23 cm (7.9–9.1 in); on average, males weigh 41 g (1.4 oz) and females weigh 35 g (1.2 oz). Sexual categorization may also be made by measurement of the wings, with males' being 1.1 times larger and having a mean length of 102 cm (40 in), while females' wings have an average length of 93.3 cm (36.7 in).
分类信息
The nominate form of the yellow-shouldered blackbird (A. x. xanthomus) was first described from Puerto Rico and Vieques in 1862 by Philip Sclater as Icterus xanthomus. The recognized subspecies A. x. monensis, or Mona yellow-shouldered blackbird, was described by Barnes in 1945 from the islands of Mona and Monito.<p>The species is closely related to, and possibly derived from, the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). The tawny-shouldered blackbird (Agelaius humeralis), a species from Cuba and Hispaniola, is morphologically intermediate between A. xanthomus and A. phoeniceus. Until recently, some authors considered A. xanthomus as a subspecies of A. humeralis. The 1983 American Ornithologists' Union edition considered A. xanthomus, together with A. humeralis, a superspecies. The main physical difference between A. xanthomus and A. humeralis resides in their bills, with that of A. humeralis being broader toward the base.
- 学名
- Agelaius xanthomus
- 命名信息
- (Sclater, PL, 1862)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Icteridae
- 属
- Agelaius
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ogea Monarch
Mayrornis versicolor
A small flycatcher, powder-blue above and buffy-orange below, with a smudged orange-blue face, a pale eye-ring, and pale tail tips. Prefers limestone forest, avoiding villages and disturbed areas. Common call is a penetrating “tsic.”
Fairy Lorikeet
Charmosynopsis pulchella
A small, long-tailed lorikeet of foothill and lower montane forest. Red head and chest with a darker belly, green back and black patch on the back of the head. Note the yellow undertail and tip, and yellow streaking on the breast. Similar to Josephine’s Lorikeet, but Fairy Lorikeet is distinctly smaller, has streaking on the chest and lacks josephines dark patch on the belly. Call, a soft, high-pitch “seep” note repeated. Sometimes several notes slurred together.
Black-throated Green Warbler
Setophaga virens
Bright yellow face with olive cheeks, crown, and back. Only breeding males have solid black throat. In all plumages, look for dark streaks on white flanks and yellow wash on vent. Breeds in mixed coniferous forests; migrants can be found in any wooded habitat, usually with tall trees. Winters primarily in Central America and the Caribbean, rarely into northern South America. Compare especially with Townsend’s Warbler on the wintering grounds, but Black-throated Green has a less contrasting face pattern (especially paler crown and cheeks) and less yellow on breast.
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